http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/keyword/united-kingdom Inquiries Journal provides undergraduate and graduate students around the world a platform for the wide dissemination of academic work over a range of core disciplines. en-us Wed, 22 Apr 2026 20:08:30 -0400 Wed, 22 Apr 2026 20:08:30 -0400 http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1356/defeating-apathy-and-alienation-in-scotland-true-victors-of-the-scottish-referendum By Shaun Docherty - The seeds of this rebellion were initially sewn during the 1980s when the incumbent Conservative Government began to impose its newly embraced neoliberal ideology in the UK, creating a legacy of mass unemployment and social upheaval still experienced today. These events were particularly poignant in Scotland, demonstrating to the nation how they were the victims of a democratic deficit: where although the unpopular Conservative Party were a minority in Scotland, they still possessed a mandate from Westminster to impose a new devastating political economic doctrine which few north of the border... Wed, 17 Feb 2016 02:26 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1356/defeating-apathy-and-alienation-in-scotland-true-victors-of-the-scottish-referendum http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1067/britains-4th-afghan-war By Michael Clarke - British troops will be winding up their operations in Afghanistan by the end of next year. There may be other specialised things British troops will do thereafter, depending on what happens in Afghanistan from 2015. But sustained ‘combat operations’ for British forces have already ended and the 9,000 British troops in Helmand will begin pulling out from the beginning of 2014. By Christmas they should all be gone. They have been there in various ways since the autumn of 2001, so the country is winding down a commitment that has spanned a full 13 years. Many observers will be taking... Thu, 01 Jan 2015 07:58 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1067/britains-4th-afghan-war http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/746/societal-and-legislative-attitudes-toward-social-housing-tenants-in-ireland-critical-evaluation-of-housing-law-and-policies-statistics-case-law-and-literature By Tatiana V. Kelly - One area in which the division among Irish citizens remains apparent is in the realm of social housing. Housing represents the largest expense as well as the largest investment for most households: home ownership strongly continues to symbolize wealth of an individual in the eyes of society and provides a basis for social inclusion of all citizens. And when housing is unaffordable, not accessible, or simply unsuitable for a particular family unit, it can result in emotional as well as financial distress and social exclusion. The provision of shelter is a prerequisite of human existence, typically... Fri, 16 Aug 2013 04:35 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/746/societal-and-legislative-attitudes-toward-social-housing-tenants-in-ireland-critical-evaluation-of-housing-law-and-policies-statistics-case-law-and-literature http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/735/the-end-of-multiculturalism-immigration-and-integration-in-germany-and-the-united-kingdom By Laura Muchowiecka - Within a short span of time, immigration has become one of the major issues in the field of European politics and social discourse questioning the status quo of such conceptions as citizenship, nationhood and community cohesion. Migration within the borders of the European Union and above all external immigration has led to a phenomenon described as multiculturalism. As Elliot and Lemert suggest, the idea of multiculturalism, which has been recently proclaimed as a new model of not only modern neoliberal states such as Canada, Australia or the United States but also of countries in the Old Continent... Wed, 05 Jun 2013 08:05 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/735/the-end-of-multiculturalism-immigration-and-integration-in-germany-and-the-united-kingdom http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/612/what-riot-punk-rock-politics-fascism-and-rock-against-racism By Alessandro G. Moliterno - The punk-rock movement or youth subculture of late seventies Britain was and is, even today, the cause of much controversy. It has often been accepted that the political orientation of the movement and its outcomes are decidedly located on the left wing, including, in particular, a strong anti-racist agenda. This has perhaps been emphasized in the public consciousness, particularly in light of recent retrospectives such as the 2007 film Joe Strummer: The Future is Unwritten, or the 2005 documentary Punk: Attitude. Both characterize punk as a movement with distinctly anti-authoritarian and cosmopolitan... Mon, 30 Jan 2012 08:05 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/612/what-riot-punk-rock-politics-fascism-and-rock-against-racism http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/602/the-fenian-dynamite-campaign-and-the-irish-american-impetus-for-dynamite-terror-1881-1885 By Shane Kenna - From January 1881 to January 1885 Fenianism successfully established an air of fear and paranoia amongst the British public, while their choice of targets indicates that their aim was to disrupt the common experience of daily life by introducing fear into the simplest everyday experiences. The purpose of this paper is not to provide a chronological outline of the Fenian dynamite campaign, nor to examine the circumstances of any particular Fenian bombing. Instead, this paper explores the rationale and motivation behind the emergence of the Fenian dynamite campaign as a proactive strategy amongst... Sun, 18 Dec 2011 10:55 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/602/the-fenian-dynamite-campaign-and-the-irish-american-impetus-for-dynamite-terror-1881-1885 http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/594/reassessing-the-house-of-lords-why-the-lords-should-remain-unelected By Oliver Rieche - Since Lord Rosebery’s well-known speech there has been much debate about changes in the composition of the House of Lords. Major reforms included the Life Peerages Act 1958 and later the House of Lords Act 1999, which reduced the hereditary members to 92.[2] Nevertheless, constitutional experts such as Rodney Brazier argue that the House of Lords continues to be “unelected, unrepresentative and unaccountable.”[3] The Coalition Government is therefore working on another reform bill to provide for a wholly or largely elected second chamber. This essay will argue that such a drastic... Tue, 15 Nov 2011 10:05 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/594/reassessing-the-house-of-lords-why-the-lords-should-remain-unelected http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/578/uk-membership-in-the-european-union-undermining-parliamentary-sovereignty By Miles G. Kellerman - This account, albeit comical, illustrates the power of geography in the development of a national identity, and perhaps provides insight into Great Britain’s general animosity towards European integration. Throughout the development and expansion of the European Union, challenges to British sovereignty and independence have been met with strong internal opposition and intense Parliamentary debate. The United Kingdom Independence Party gained its first Parliamentary seat in 2008 – a signal of growing disillusionment with the EU in Britain, and a feeling no doubt exacerbated by the 2008... Tue, 27 Sep 2011 09:09 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/578/uk-membership-in-the-european-union-undermining-parliamentary-sovereignty http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/406/britain-can-take-it-rethinking-british-morale-in-1940 By Craig Stewart-Hunter - The bombardment, or Blitz, of British cities by the Luftwaffe between September 1940 and May 1941, has been idolized and ‘mythologized’ in the popular memory and imagery as one of Britain’s finest moments of togetherness and national unity. The raids by the German Luftwaffe were mainly concentrated on British urban industrial cities and ports, killing approximately 66,000 civilians (amount killed by end of war through bombing)[3], from all walks of life. Clausewitz argued that the population's ‘involvement determined the intensity with which the war would be waged,&rsquo... Fri, 11 Mar 2011 09:47 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/406/britain-can-take-it-rethinking-british-morale-in-1940 http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1095/a-house-divided-is-the-division-of-britain-a-bad-thing By D.J. Tyrer - New Labour’ has committed itself to giving each division of the United Kingdom a parliament or assembly of its own. Already we have a Scottish Parliament and a Welsh Assembly (just because Wales is a principality does it not deserve a parliament too?), as well as a nascent Ulster Assembly, unless the peace talks fail. So far England has been left out of this scramble for autonomy which has rather unfairly left it for now still under the control of the Westminster Parliament, giving Welsh and Scottish politicians a disproportionate say in British politics compared to those of England. Eventually... Sat, 01 Jan 2000 12:00 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1095/a-house-divided-is-the-division-of-britain-a-bad-thing http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1096/essential-modernisation-or-excessive-meddling-labour-wakeham-and-the-lords-reforms By S.L. Garlick - Tony Blair has long been committed to the abolition of hereditary peers; the 1997 Labour Party Manifesto promised that this would happen. Labour knew that reform would be difficult and would upset many people of influence, so they took their time and waited for the right moment. When that painful moment came, the abolition of hereditary peers was revolution by stealth.There was no fanfare, and no death knell after the debate was over. Even though Blair, Baroness Jay (Leader of the House of Lords) and the like might feel this to be the right moment, the latest piece of New Labour “modernisation... Sat, 01 Jan 2000 12:00 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1096/essential-modernisation-or-excessive-meddling-labour-wakeham-and-the-lords-reforms http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1102/the-dragon-on-our-doorstep-new-politics-for-a-new-millennium-in-wales By Alun Michael - Of course, the commitment to openness also brings challenges and responsibilities – for all parties in the Assembly, and the media too. Take negotiations with third parties, for instance – with the European Commission over the Objective 1 Programme, or even the Treasury over public expenditure and the Barnett Formula. There are dangers when we dissect and debate in public the twists and turns of such critical negotiations. It sometimes feels like trying to play poker with your cards face up on the table while the other players keep theirs to themselves as they always have... Sat, 01 Jan 2000 12:00 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1102/the-dragon-on-our-doorstep-new-politics-for-a-new-millennium-in-wales http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1103/rugby-whos-game-is-it-anyway By Non Gwilym - At school, assembly was a five-minute ‘sermon’ followed by twenty minutes appraisal of the rugby teams fortunes, all five teams – good or bad. We had three assemblies a week – it was a bit much by Friday. Football was hardly ever mentioned from what I recall, and reference to the netball or hockey teams or any girls’ sporting activities were limited to say the least. Classes were cancelled when the school’s first fifteen were involved in the final rounds of the county tournament: a fantastic and legitimate excuse to get out of double home economics on... Sat, 01 Jan 2000 12:00 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1103/rugby-whos-game-is-it-anyway http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1150/the-irish-presidential-system By Jason T. Williams - The role of President was laid out in the Irish Constitution (Bunreacht na hÉireann) of 1937 with the first elections to the position being held in 1938.  The role is defined in articles 12-14 of Bunreacht na hÉireann as being the ceremonial Head of the Irish State.  The Constitution defines the President as someone “who shall take precedence over all other persons in the State and who shall exercise and perform the powers and functions conferred on the President by this Constitution and by law.” Elections for the Presidency can take place every seven... Fri, 01 Jan 1999 12:00 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1150/the-irish-presidential-system http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1126/will-new-britain-mean-the-end-of-the-uk By Jeremy Blackburn - The political entity that is the United Kingdom can often baffle its own population as much as it may baffle visiting tourists. Its main units are England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, its peripheral areas including the Shetlands, the Hebrides and the Isle of Man, while a number of anomalous dependencies exist such as Scilly, Sark, Jersey and Guernsey. Within these areas exist the definitive regions of the U.K. generally based around a cosmopolitan centre, each with its own specific character and opinions, all overlaid by either the ‘North-South’ or the ‘East... Fri, 01 Jan 1999 12:00 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1126/will-new-britain-mean-the-end-of-the-uk http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1159/northern-ireland-revisited By Kerry-Anne Clancy - I was prompted to review the situation in Northern Ireland for a number of reasons, not least because my previous article published in this journal now seemed to be a waste of paper in the light of the disappointing end to the IRA cease-fire which consequently affected the ongoing quest for a settlement of the Ireland situation. A settlement which is laden with emotion, characterized most recently by the twenty fifth anniversary of Bloody Sunday, when paratroopers opened fire on a crowd of civil rights demonstrators in Londonderry on January 30 1972. Thirteen unarmed people were killed... Wed, 01 Jan 1997 12:00 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1159/northern-ireland-revisited