http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/keyword/sport Inquiries Journal provides undergraduate and graduate students around the world a platform for the wide dissemination of academic work over a range of core disciplines. en-us Wed, 17 Jun 2026 08:20:49 -0400 Wed, 17 Jun 2026 08:20:49 -0400 http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1766/fatherhood-socialization-of-masculinity-through-parental-involvement-in-youth-sport By Joseph M. Serrato - Fathers often use sport to socialize their sons into masculinity. When coaching their own son in a sport, men must juggle their own desire to win with their son’s enjoyment. This paper examines the types of masculinity in coaching, while integrating theories of parental participation and involved fathering. As identified with mixed research methods, inclusive masculine fathers have better father-son relationships than orthodox masculine fathers. Techniques used by inclusive masculine fathers were studied through qualitative interviews; they often delegate their own son to other coaching... Wed, 02 Oct 2019 09:55 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1766/fatherhood-socialization-of-masculinity-through-parental-involvement-in-youth-sport http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1590/lowering-restrictions-on-performance-enhancing-drugs-in-elite-sports By Rory W. Collins - This article argues that performance enhancing drugs (PEDs) ought to be allowed across all elite sporting competitions for athletes over the age of 16 so long as consuming them does not pose a significant risk to their health. I begin with a brief explanation of the current state of PED use in professional sports before assessing the prospect of allowing PEDs by three widely-accepted (though far from comprehensive) measures of ethical merit: well-being, autonomy, and justice. I end with a critique of the World Anti-Doping Agency's criteria for banning PEDs, concluding that allowing athletes to... Fri, 24 Mar 2017 09:28 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1590/lowering-restrictions-on-performance-enhancing-drugs-in-elite-sports http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1375/enhanced-resistance-training-performance-via-the-neutralization-of-lactic-acid-with-sodium-bicarbonate By Daniel Indorato - The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the ingestion of sodium bicarbonate (SB) pre-exercise improved athletic performance during resistance training (RT) and reduced fatigue in male college students. SB has the efficacy to neutralize the acidity of lactic acid that is produced during intense exercise by increasing intramuscular pH levels. Effectively neutralizing lactic acid from the consumption of SB 120 minutes prior to RT would enhance the performance of the subject in 1-repetition maximum (1RM) and muscular endurance tests. Male college students performed 1RM and endurance tests... Tue, 08 Mar 2016 07:34 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1375/enhanced-resistance-training-performance-via-the-neutralization-of-lactic-acid-with-sodium-bicarbonate http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1358/image-repair-and-crisis-response-of-professional-athlete-adrian-peterson By Ryan Winters - During the 2014 season, a disastrous year in terms of public relations for the NFL, Adrian Peterson was among those who tainted the league's reputation. Domestic violence was at the forefront of the controversy, and Peterson's child abuse case caused additional damage to the league's image. This qualitative content analysis scrutinized Peterson's attempt to repair his image through the media after receiving public backlash from his child abuse charges. The study found that his media messages used evasion of responsibility and reducing offensiveness as his chief strategies, but their effects were... Wed, 18 Nov 2015 12:00 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1358/image-repair-and-crisis-response-of-professional-athlete-adrian-peterson http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1362/human-rights-framing-in-us-newspaper-coverage-of-the-sochi-olympic-preparations By Michelle Alfini - Every two years, the global spotlight shines on the Olympics and the nation hosting them. The Games provide an example of a "mega-event," which means a globally recognized occurrence of "shortlived collective cultural actions" that are perceived to have "extra-ordinary status" based on their large scale and scope (Xi, 2013). These mega-events attract media engagement from around the globe, and their host nations have long used such events as opportunities to reframe their national narratives and achieve greater status in the international community (Roche, 2000; Black, 2006). In addition to international... Wed, 18 Nov 2015 12:00 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1362/human-rights-framing-in-us-newspaper-coverage-of-the-sochi-olympic-preparations http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1090/sodium-absorption-in-summer-and-winter-acclimated-freshwater-teleosts By Katrina Thede - To maintain sodium (Na+) homeostasis in a hypotonic environment, freshwater teleosts must constantly absorb Na+ through their gills. Teleosts in temperate climates have the extra challenge of living in an environment in which ambient temperatures range from 0-30°C. It was hypothesized that 1. Na+ absorption through the gills occurs via a protein homologous to mammalian Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE), 2. Na+ is exchanged for NH4+—the nitrogenous waste product of the fish—rather than H+, and 3. gill proteins from 5°C winter-acclimated fish (WA) would be more active than those from 20... Fri, 01 May 2015 12:00 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1090/sodium-absorption-in-summer-and-winter-acclimated-freshwater-teleosts http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/942/boda-boda-the-impact-of-motorbike-taxi-service-in-rural-uganda By Gian Luca Gamberini - Rural populations in sub-Saharan Africa often suffer from a lack of access to transportation. This study analyzes the impact of a motorbike taxi service called Boda Boda in two villages in southern Uganda, and specifically queries how access to this transportation system can increase general welfare levels. I use econometric tools to analyze quantitative data. Binary probability regressions show counterintuitive behaviors like high sensitivity to distances only in regard to accessing non-productive activities like health infrastructure. Poisson regressions show that the likelihood of undertaking... Thu, 20 Nov 2014 10:41 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/942/boda-boda-the-impact-of-motorbike-taxi-service-in-rural-uganda http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/882/title-ix-and-the-gender-binary-trajectories-of-equality By Jennifer J. Luther - Prior to 1970, women were severely underrepresented in high school and college math, science, and business courses, and were almost invisible in high school technical courses.[1] Even professional schools barred access to women for all programs but teaching, nursing, social work, and library science through quotas – and even if women did enter male-dominated programs, this exposed them to sexual harassment.[2] The 1970s women’s movement focussed on the problems of restricted access to education, notably in business, medical schools, and law schools, as barriers to equal access to better... Tue, 01 Apr 2014 04:37 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/882/title-ix-and-the-gender-binary-trajectories-of-equality http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/827/testing-the-appeals-of-feminist-ideologies-in-female-athletic-advertising By Leigh Burgess - The purpose of this study was to determine whether Generation Y women respond more to athletic ads that embodied a second-wave feminist ideology or a third-wave, post-structuralist ideology. A focus group was conducted and its findings revealed that the women's ideological preferences were not based on their generation, but their lifestyle. In other words, the Generation Y women did not unanimously identify with one feminist ideology over the other. Instead, the ideology they responded to in the athletic ads was based on their athletic lifestyle. This ultimately indicates that Generation Y females... Mon, 09 Dec 2013 02:42 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/827/testing-the-appeals-of-feminist-ideologies-in-female-athletic-advertising http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/821/evolution-of-the-gaming-experience-live-video-streaming-and-the-emergence-of-a-new-web-community By Nathan Edge - The introduction of Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) into the eSports industry has caused an unprecedented growth in its viewership and community involvement. As uses and gratifications theory suggests, individuals are actively seeking out new media content that coincides with their interests. IPTV and live steams of videogames provide a new Web-specific genre of entertainment that is not available from traditional broadcasting methods. The convergence of multiple Internet technologies, social interaction and community-produced content has given birth to a web community with a vast and dedicated... Mon, 09 Dec 2013 11:37 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/821/evolution-of-the-gaming-experience-live-video-streaming-and-the-emergence-of-a-new-web-community http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/820/pay-for-play-analysis-of-the-image-restoration-strategies-of-high-profile-college-athletes By Jacob H. Selzer - This study sought to explore the college athletic landscape through a Crisis Communications perspective. Using William Benoit’s “Theory of Image Restoration” as a framework, this study employed a case-study approach to analyze the image restoration strategies of three high profile college football players following scandals. The study found a consistent use of traditional strategies such as mortification, corrective action, and denial from the athletes and associated parties. This research demonstrates the level of prominence that college athletes have been elevated to and concludes... Mon, 09 Dec 2013 11:15 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/820/pay-for-play-analysis-of-the-image-restoration-strategies-of-high-profile-college-athletes http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1664/not-just-a-game-sport-and-society-in-the-united-states By Kenneth J. Macri - Sports are an essential and important aspect of American society; they are indispensible when it comes to their impact on a plethora of public arenas, including economics and the mass media. Sport coincides with community values and political agencies, as it attempts to define the morals and ethics attributed not only to athletes, but the totality of society as a whole. Fans of spectator sports find a reaffirmation of key societal values through sports, as they give meaning to their own lives. “By becoming fans, spectators engage in certain kinds of pleasures, fulfilling their own desires... Sun, 12 Aug 2012 11:11 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1664/not-just-a-game-sport-and-society-in-the-united-states http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1618/increasing-voter-turnout-can-mass-transit-help By Rosie Romano - Since the mid-20th Century, voting rights activists have sought to open the American electoral system and reduce the costs of voting for all citizens. In this study, I look specifically at the impact of polling place localization in relation to mass transit stops on voter turnout rates in the District of Columbia. By compiling precinct-level data on the 2008 General Election and the 2010 Democratic Primary Election and measuring the distance between polling places and the nearest Metrorail station, I am able to determine the extent to which mass transit can lower the cost of voting. Through linear... Thu, 31 May 2012 12:00 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1618/increasing-voter-turnout-can-mass-transit-help http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/587/the-medias-sexualization-of-female-athletes-a-bad-call-for-the-modern-game By Emily Liang - Since the early 20th century, the feminist movement has made enormous strides to improve the status of female athletes. Prior to the movement’s achievements, female athletes had to play in much poorer facilities, under different rules, and with stricter dress codes than male athletes. Society also largely ignored and discriminated against female athletes, portraying them as masculine and homosexual and further deterring women from participating in sports. After noticing these problems, feminists attempted to reverse these trends and produce better opportunities for female athletes. By advocating... Mon, 24 Oct 2011 12:06 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/587/the-medias-sexualization-of-female-athletes-a-bad-call-for-the-modern-game http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/552/free-play-unmasking-and-ending-the-exploitation-of-ncaa-student-athletes By Gerald D. Higginbotham - The current system of collegiate football and basketball in America’s universities is littered with corruption caused by the nationwide popularity of “big time” college sports. The positive effects that student-athlete performance can have on a university leads outside sources to offer benefits to these athletes outside of their athletic scholarships, which is illegal. Talented college athletes are the targets of corrupt agents who offer financial benefits, such as money, cars, or even apartments because of the players’ future professional potential. Repeatedly, the National... Tue, 19 Jul 2011 08:05 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/552/free-play-unmasking-and-ending-the-exploitation-of-ncaa-student-athletes http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/288/sled-dogs-cultural-legacy-and-forgotten-history By Mallary A. Silva - Sled dogs have been acclaimed for their heroism, athleticism, and their unconditional affection through numerous books, movies, and other media outlets. This legacy has aided the formation of a romanticized perspective on dog sledding. Sled dogs have prompted issues of concern and curiosity targeting an array of groups ranging from animal activists to the U.S Military. Cultural legacy has dominated the popular perspective on sled dogs, illustrating an Alaskan subculture. In contrast, Charles L. Dean explored the latent significance of these canines in his book Soldiers and Sled Dogs. In his publication... Fri, 17 Sep 2010 06:05 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/288/sled-dogs-cultural-legacy-and-forgotten-history http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/249/idle-youth-using-sport-to-address-the-youth-bulge-in-sierra-leone By Will LA. Bennett - There is a growing consensus that the prevalence of a large youth population is not conducive to peace and that such a ‘youth bulge’ can even increase the risk of civil conflict and political violence.[1] Richard Cincotta and Elizabeth Leahy argue that such a youth bulge within the confines of fragile or failing states where economic opportunities are few and horizontal inequalities are numerous raises the potential for violence significantly. Indeed they discovered that about eighty-six percent of all countries that experienced a new outbreak of civil conflict between 1970 and 1999... Tue, 11 May 2010 08:05 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/249/idle-youth-using-sport-to-address-the-youth-bulge-in-sierra-leone http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/19/religion-commodity-or-escape-sports-in-modern-american-culture By Joshua R. Keefe - American sport has become far more than contests with rules played on fields, diamonds, or rinks. Our current conception of sport is more than just a ball moving between groups of athletes, or a struggle for a finish line, or an effort to impress judges, as various critical studies will attest. American sport has produced something more than just the usual trappings of sport that bleed into other aspects of society: the refereeing and record keeping, the public accounts of events, the hero worship of the victors, and the training of youth. American sport has produced, especially in the information... Tue, 27 Oct 2009 06:31 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/19/religion-commodity-or-escape-sports-in-modern-american-culture http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/15/redskin-and-all-american-jim-thorpes-malleable-symbolic-significance By Joshua R. Keefe - Jim Thorpe rose to fame on the heels of his prodigious athletic ability that translated into success in so many different sports nothing like it has not been seen since. And in the modern era of sports where athletes often specialize from an early age, it will most likely never be seen again. Thorpe, like many great athletes, rose to the public prominence because of his play on the field, but remained there because of what he represented and still represents today. He was a Native American, as current vernacular would describe him, or “redskin,” as contemporary discourse often labeled... Mon, 26 Oct 2009 07:24 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/15/redskin-and-all-american-jim-thorpes-malleable-symbolic-significance http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1103/rugby-whos-game-is-it-anyway By Non Gwilym - At school, assembly was a five-minute ‘sermon’ followed by twenty minutes appraisal of the rugby teams fortunes, all five teams – good or bad. We had three assemblies a week – it was a bit much by Friday. Football was hardly ever mentioned from what I recall, and reference to the netball or hockey teams or any girls’ sporting activities were limited to say the least. Classes were cancelled when the school’s first fifteen were involved in the final rounds of the county tournament: a fantastic and legitimate excuse to get out of double home economics on... Sat, 01 Jan 2000 12:00 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1103/rugby-whos-game-is-it-anyway