http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/keyword/sin Inquiries Journal provides undergraduate and graduate students around the world a platform for the wide dissemination of academic work over a range of core disciplines. en-us Sun, 19 Apr 2026 05:14:37 -0400 Sun, 19 Apr 2026 05:14:37 -0400 http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1933/going-in-circles-temporal-mobility-and-migrant-agency-in-hamids-exit-west By Meghana L. Maddali - Escaping from your past is hopeless. However, under circular time, running from anything is completely useless––no matter what it is, it will always catch up to you. While Mohsin Hamid’s Exit West mainly depicts a world where well-defined geographical boundaries are replaced by magical portals, where any nation seems accessible to any migrant, the novel’s world is still grounded in circular time. So no matter how far a migrant travels, the past casts an oppressive shadow over them. In this essay, I demonstrate how Hamid offers his novel’s characters a means of survival... Fri, 14 Jan 2022 10:22 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1933/going-in-circles-temporal-mobility-and-migrant-agency-in-hamids-exit-west http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1864/democratic-misrepresentation-a-quantitative-analysis-of-out-of-district-state-campaign-fundraising By Mattew L. Katz, Justin Miller, & Sethu Odayappan - This paper aims to fill the gap in quantitative research on out of district donations at state levels of American government. Examining inequality in donor representation is an important part of ensuring an equitable and just democracy. Using donor data from the Massachusetts Office of Campaign and Political Finance (OCPF) we identify unjust patterns in out of district contributions to state representatives in the 2016-2018 Massachusetts campaign cycle. Specifically, we examine economic, occupational, and racial factors through the use of home price estimates as a proxy for wealth, self-reported... Tue, 19 Jan 2021 05:46 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1864/democratic-misrepresentation-a-quantitative-analysis-of-out-of-district-state-campaign-fundraising http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1820/flipping-the-cultural-script-papaya-soap-and-skin-color-stratification-in-the-philippines By Aimiel Trisha W. Casillan - Centuries of subjugation under Spanish and American colonial rule have embedded an idealistic view of white beauty in the minds of Filipinos. It continues to be deeply rooted in Philippine culture due to the constant exposure of Filipina bodies to the advertisements of the massive skin lightening industry. Papaya soap, one of the many objects produced by the industry, has perpetuated social stratification in the Philippines. In the following critique, I explore the origins of papaya soap while using a feminist consumerist lens to reveal how it has been marketed to promote a colonial mindset of... Wed, 21 Oct 2020 09:14 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1820/flipping-the-cultural-script-papaya-soap-and-skin-color-stratification-in-the-philippines http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1561/solidarity-of-the-colonized-a-critical-discourse-analysis-of-sinn-feins-connection-to-palestine By Celia Lohr - Ireland and Palestine share histories of colonialism, ethnonationalist conflict, and resistance characterized as "terrorism." While Ireland has reached an official status of "peace," the de-legitimization of its struggle for independence perpetuates cycles of conflict in the region and reveals lasting difficulties with legitimacy between Ireland and Britain. Through discourse analysis, I examine how the Sinn Féin party reaffirms the Irish struggle for independence through solidarity with Palestine. Specifically, I analyze how Sinn Féin constructs moral and immoral identities, de-... Sat, 31 Dec 2016 12:00 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1561/solidarity-of-the-colonized-a-critical-discourse-analysis-of-sinn-feins-connection-to-palestine http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1479/models-of-internet-monetization By David Perell - Predicting the future of the news industry begins with understanding the history of newspapers and the current news delivery landscape. Because the Internet has brought fundamental shifts to news distribution, successful organizations of the future will capitalize on the digital world's economics and scale. This study documents the recent adjustments in American newspaper distribution and predicts the business models required for news organizations to survive. This research found that the Internet will foster the development of both scale dependent and ad-supported publications and niche organizations... Thu, 27 Oct 2016 04:56 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1479/models-of-internet-monetization http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1466/right-hemisphere-involvement-in-auditory-processing-a-review By Lydia English - An orthodox opinion within neurolinguistics is left hemispheric lateralization for language processing. The left hemisphere of the brain is dominant for processing language, logic, critical thinking and reasoning (Gootjes et al. 1999; Hickok, Love-Geffen and Kilma 2002; Tyler et al. 2011), while emotion, auditory and non-verbal stimuli processing tends to be specialized to the right hemisphere (Joseph 1988; George et al. 1996). However, research on hemispheric lateralization adopts a limited view towards the right hemisphere and gives minimal recognition to its abilities and functions. Although... Mon, 24 Oct 2016 09:38 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1466/right-hemisphere-involvement-in-auditory-processing-a-review http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1439/detente-studies-in-cold-war-international-history-questions-unmarked By Jittipat Poonkham - Détente is generally understood as a relaxation of international tension. However, there are many conceptions and characteristics of détente: superpower détente (such as ‘Nixinger's, Leonid Brezhnev's or Mao Zedong/ Zhou Enlai's détente), European détente (such as Charles de Gaulle's détente and Willy Brandt's Ostpolitik) and, to a lesser extent, small powers' détente. Détente connotes different things to different states (and statesmen) at different time. That is, it is one concept with many interpretations. The article examines the... Wed, 24 Aug 2016 12:00 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1439/detente-studies-in-cold-war-international-history-questions-unmarked http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1470/standardization-of-international-advertising-strategies-a-content-analysis-of-pantene-pro-v By Kailyn Schmidt - With products available in more than 180 countries, Procter & Gamble is one of the largest global advertisers. Considering today's global marketplace, it has become increasingly necessary for multinational companies like Procter & Gamble to effectively communicate with people from diverse nations. This study examined the extent of standardization practiced by the company for its Pantene Pro-V line of products and which components are most commonly standardized or adapted. Analysis showed that Procter & Gamble practiced a moderate level of standardization, which allowed it to maintain... Tue, 31 May 2016 12:00 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1470/standardization-of-international-advertising-strategies-a-content-analysis-of-pantene-pro-v http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1446/the-burrito-behemoth-chipotle-mexican-grill-and-its-model-for-success By Nealay Vasavda - Chipotle Mexican Grill has revolutionized the fast food industry. In a short time, the brand has served as inspiration for the growing "fast casual" segment of the food industry and has become an American cultural phenomenon. Through its use of social media and corporate social responsibility marketing strategies, the brand has adapted to a growing segment of the consumer market and has taken the United States by storm. Today, Chipotle has turned its focus to its presence as an international brand. This paper analyzes Chipotle's marketing tactics, how they were applied to its London branches as... Tue, 31 May 2016 12:00 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1446/the-burrito-behemoth-chipotle-mexican-grill-and-its-model-for-success http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1404/the-effect-of-a-311-vacant-building-call-on-crime-rates By Bharat Chandar - Abandoned and vacant properties have long been a source of economic and political debate in the United States. Historically, property abandonment has been considered a symptom of urban disinvestment and not a cause. However in recent years, many studies have investigated whether there is a casual link between vacant buildings and the crime rate in the surrounding areas. Since these spaces offer an area of low supervision, they can act as a haven to individuals with criminal intent. Consequently, these buildings if left unsecured often evidence acts of prostitution, drug use, and gang-related activities... Tue, 03 May 2016 12:00 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1404/the-effect-of-a-311-vacant-building-call-on-crime-rates http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1359/psychological-effects-of-fitness-advertising-on-female-collegiate-athletes By Jenny Gallagher - In recent decades, research has focused on the powerful effects of advertising on negative body image. While researchers have studied how the general female population reacts to various advertising techniques, little research has been published on how female collegiate athletes are affected by fitness advertisements. This study examined how these athletes respond to fitness advertisements and which tactics generate positive responses. Based on a focus group conducted with female Division I athletes, the study found that resonating fitness advertisements must be realistic and tell a relatable story... Thu, 18 Feb 2016 04:32 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1359/psychological-effects-of-fitness-advertising-on-female-collegiate-athletes http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1365/examining-social-media-and-digital-practices-among-southeastern-magazines By Jonathan Black - City magazines began to appear in American homes in the nineteenth century, but they did not truly flourish until the 1960s and 1970s. In 1981, there were eighteen magazines total in Washington, D.C., Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia. Today, there are twenty in North Carolina alone (Hayes). Like most print publications today, city magazines face a declining print product, a smaller editorial staff, and pressure for an increased digital presence. This transition has taken time, and the digital presence has slowly taken precedent and developed a steady audience. As... Wed, 18 Nov 2015 12:00 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1365/examining-social-media-and-digital-practices-among-southeastern-magazines http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1366/an-analysis-of-successful-student-run-public-relations-and-advertising-agencies By Amanda Limoges - Across the nation, student enrollment in journalism and mass communication programs has continued to rise in recent years (Becker, Vlad, Tucker, and Pelton, 2006). Notably, enrollment in strategic communications has experienced a significant increase in recent years. Correspondingly, the majority of strategic communications students at Elon University, and those in similar majors at other schools, work at communications agencies after they graduate. While internships can prepare students for work in an agency, most internships are hard to get without prior experience. Like other communication-... Wed, 18 Nov 2015 12:00 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1366/an-analysis-of-successful-student-run-public-relations-and-advertising-agencies http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1177/a-framework-for-internal-corporate-communications By Alexander E. Hopkins - Public relations is a growing field in the United States (Botan, 1992, p. 149). This growth can be partially explained by the fact that public relations is an exercise in power (Curtin & Gaither, 2007, p. 235; Walker, 2006, p. 401). Throughout the world, messages are everywhere, both explicit and implicit. Among other attributes, messages have the ability to inform or persuade audiences on a given issue or set of issues. These attributes have become more pronounced in the digital age of social media, as messages can be created, disseminated, and analyzed quicker than ever before. Given the... Fri, 25 Sep 2015 08:04 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1177/a-framework-for-internal-corporate-communications http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1131/instabranding-shaping-the-personalities-of-the-top-food-brands-on-instagram By Kate Ginsberg - Instagram is a growing social media platform that provides a means of self-expression and communication through creative visuals. Businesses are responding to this trend by using it as a cost-effective marketing tool. This paper examined the accounts of the leading food brands on Instagram: McDonald’s, Taco Bell, Shredz, Ben & Jerry’s, and Oreo. Photos were classified according to 11 elements: product, person and product, people and product, humor and product, world events, recipes, campaign with no products, user-generated, regram from a celebrity, and video. They were further... Sat, 30 May 2015 11:59 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1131/instabranding-shaping-the-personalities-of-the-top-food-brands-on-instagram http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1133/faux-activism-in-recent-female-empowering-advertising By Alyssa Baxter - This study content analyzed six brands from Unilever and Procter & Gamble, whose advertisements promoted both male-targeted products and female-targeted ones. The study examined three female-empowering advertisements and three male-targeted, or “opposition” advertisements. It concluded that companies producing these female-empowering advertisements are not truly supporting the feminism activist movement, but are manipulating consumers for bigger profits with faux activism for feminism. By shedding light on this recent trend of “ad-her-tising,” this study found that... Sat, 30 May 2015 11:59 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1133/faux-activism-in-recent-female-empowering-advertising http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1136/analysis-of-promising-beacon-technology-for-consumers By Marisa Moody - To be at the forefront of innovations that push brands forward, marketers and advertisers strive to create seamless experiences amidst the ever-changing landscape of digital and mobile technologies. This research delves into the forward-thinking opportunities presented by location-based marketing technologies. Through a quantitative research survey and a review of literature on existing applications and concerns, the author explored how marketers can make the most of beacon-based communication strategies. Overall, this study found that if brands are wary of consumer hesitation and keep consumer... Sat, 30 May 2015 11:59 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1136/analysis-of-promising-beacon-technology-for-consumers http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1029/business-negotiations-between-american-and-vietnamese-businesses-the-influence-of-proxemics-and-site-setting-on-negotiation-outcomes By Tuong-Minh Ly-Le - Vietnam is becoming an increasingly inviting market for foreign investment. However, working with foreigners and expanding business abroad can be risky for all parties involved. The diversity among business cultures frequently leads to confusion, misunderstanding, and failure in cross-cultural endeavors. It is therefore important to study business negotiation in a cross-cultural setting. This paper addresses nonverbal communication during negotiations between Vietnamese and American businesses. The proxemics within traditional Vietnamese companies are examined, with specific consideration given... Fri, 24 Apr 2015 04:22 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1029/business-negotiations-between-american-and-vietnamese-businesses-the-influence-of-proxemics-and-site-setting-on-negotiation-outcomes http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1534/should-agoa-be-renewed-in-2015 By Benjamin S. Osenbach - On May 18th, 2000, the United States enacted the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), dramatically expanding trade between itself and Sub-Saharan Africa over the following decade. Yet whereas previous studies in the literature have often sought to confirm the significance or investigate the welfare effects of AGOA, this article considers the incentives generated by AGOA in relation to its sustainability, particularly in light of its impending expiration on September 30, 2015. Drawing upon a review of the relevant literature, these effects are considered in terms of AGOA's rules of origin... Wed, 31 Dec 2014 12:00 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1534/should-agoa-be-renewed-in-2015 http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1037/representations-of-american-culture-in-food-advertisements-in-mainstream-latina-and-african-american-magazines By Laura Van Drie - This study analyzed 54 advertisements for food products, grocery stores and restaurants in nine major women’s magazines in order to gain understanding of the values of American ethnic groups. The author divided the magazines by audience (mainstream, African-American, and Latina), and then coded the advertisements for themes like family, community, and nutrition. Food advertisements in mainstream magazines frequently emphasized that nutritious, delicious food could be part of a busy lifestyle, whereas ads in Latina magazines associated food with family, and advertisements in African-American... Sun, 30 Nov 2014 12:00 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1037/representations-of-american-culture-in-food-advertisements-in-mainstream-latina-and-african-american-magazines http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1038/interactive-graphic-novels-a-hybrid-advertising-technique By Mike Ayer - As web-based technologies continue to advance, marketers and advertisers are pairing up traditional advertising with new web-based techniques to create innovative ways to communicate messages. This study analyzed Interactive Graphic Novels (IGNs)-- animated, graphically illustrated or hybrid real life animation stories typically in video game format in which users are given some level of interaction with events or control over the outcome of a story. This study sought to find out if IGNs were an effective tactic for marketers and advertisers to use today. This study found that IGNs are an effective... Sun, 30 Nov 2014 12:00 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1038/interactive-graphic-novels-a-hybrid-advertising-technique http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/970/the-efficacy-of-guerrilla-advertising-on-public-health-issues By Kendal Cinnamon - While commercial businesses utilize guerrilla advertising regularly nowadays, the practice has crossed over into non-commercial territory: the public health industry. The purpose of this study is to assess the perceived efficacy of guerrilla advertising tactics, specifically as applied to public health issues. Based on fear appeal, sensory involvement, and environmental circumstances, three important components for measuring the efficacy of advertisements, the author created a measurement instrument called the Resonance and Impact Analysis (RIA) Scale that was used to measure three guerrilla-style... Thu, 29 May 2014 06:36 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/970/the-efficacy-of-guerrilla-advertising-on-public-health-issues http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/971/brand-identities-and-portrayal-of-minority-groups-in-2013-super-bowl-automobile-advertisements By Baron Smith - The fact that brands have unique identities and personalities is well known and researched. However, the extent to which a brand’s personality or identity manifest itself in advertising is less known. This study examined how brand identities were conveyed in 10 automobile advertisements from the 2013 Superbowl. It also analyzed portrayal of the women, gender roles and sexual orientation in the advertisements. A qualitative content analysis revealed that the advertisements communicated clear brand identities through storytelling, and contained stereotypical gender roles and sexualized or... Thu, 29 May 2014 06:36 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/971/brand-identities-and-portrayal-of-minority-groups-in-2013-super-bowl-automobile-advertisements http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/835/coupons-of-the-21st-century-the-golden-age-of-the-daily-deal-industry By Kathleen Donnelly - Since its introduction in the late 1800s, coupons have transformed drastically to appeal to the changing needs and behaviors of the common consumer. Although still existing, the classic paper coupon went digital with the introduction of the Internet. Now, companies such as Groupon and LivingSocial offer discount gift certificates in a "deal-of-the-day" format. This research focused on the unique features of daily deal promotions and the impact they have on persuading consumers to purchase goods and services. Additionally, this research analyzed how Groupon and LivingSocial use social networking... Sat, 14 Dec 2013 11:17 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/835/coupons-of-the-21st-century-the-golden-age-of-the-daily-deal-industry http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/827/testing-the-appeals-of-feminist-ideologies-in-female-athletic-advertising By Leigh Burgess - The purpose of this study was to determine whether Generation Y women respond more to athletic ads that embodied a second-wave feminist ideology or a third-wave, post-structuralist ideology. A focus group was conducted and its findings revealed that the women's ideological preferences were not based on their generation, but their lifestyle. In other words, the Generation Y women did not unanimously identify with one feminist ideology over the other. Instead, the ideology they responded to in the athletic ads was based on their athletic lifestyle. This ultimately indicates that Generation Y females... Mon, 09 Dec 2013 02:42 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/827/testing-the-appeals-of-feminist-ideologies-in-female-athletic-advertising http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/826/appealing-to-women-an-analysis-of-print-advertisements-in-three-womens-interest-magazines By Kelly Beane - The purpose of this study was to analyze advertisements in magazines targeting women readers and find the preferred type of appeals advertisers used. This study analyzed 590 advertisements in three women's interest magazines from October 2012 to April 2013. It was found that the top three product categories advertised were food and drink, personal care, and laundry and household products. The most frequently used appeals were performance, availability, and components/contents. This study provided details on the application of the Resnik-Stern Content Classification System and laid the foundation... Mon, 09 Dec 2013 02:23 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/826/appealing-to-women-an-analysis-of-print-advertisements-in-three-womens-interest-magazines http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/825/examining-green-advertising-and-its-impact-on-consumer-skepticism-and-purchasing-patterns By Lindsay Richards - The twenty-first century has seen a significant increase in environmental awareness and activism, which has ultimately developed into a pro-environmental trend. Similar to previous societal trends such as cigarette smoking and fashion fads, environmentalism has recently entered the advertising world under the term "green advertising." This research aimed to identify the impact of green advertising through evaluating consumers' connection to the environment, trust in advertising and willingness to purchase green products. An analysis of 107 online survey responses indicated that consumers are generally... Mon, 09 Dec 2013 01:57 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/825/examining-green-advertising-and-its-impact-on-consumer-skepticism-and-purchasing-patterns http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/790/pumping-steel-and-sex-appeal-message-strategies-and-content-in-dietary-supplement-advertisements By Joseph T. Ziemba - Existing in a regulatory gray area as neither a food nor a drug, dietary supplements have fierce controversies over safety and regulation. This regulatory state can create a problem if the persuasion of supplement ads convince consumers to purchase harmful products. Using Taylor's Six-Segment Message Strategy Wheel, this study analyzed the relationship between informational print ads for dietary supplements and transformational message strategies. Transformational strategies, appeals to viewer's emotions or sense of self, were used more frequently in ads than their Informational counterparts,... Sat, 16 Nov 2013 08:40 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/790/pumping-steel-and-sex-appeal-message-strategies-and-content-in-dietary-supplement-advertisements http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/746/societal-and-legislative-attitudes-toward-social-housing-tenants-in-ireland-critical-evaluation-of-housing-law-and-policies-statistics-case-law-and-literature By Tatiana V. Kelly - One area in which the division among Irish citizens remains apparent is in the realm of social housing. Housing represents the largest expense as well as the largest investment for most households: home ownership strongly continues to symbolize wealth of an individual in the eyes of society and provides a basis for social inclusion of all citizens. And when housing is unaffordable, not accessible, or simply unsuitable for a particular family unit, it can result in emotional as well as financial distress and social exclusion. The provision of shelter is a prerequisite of human existence, typically... Fri, 16 Aug 2013 04:35 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/746/societal-and-legislative-attitudes-toward-social-housing-tenants-in-ireland-critical-evaluation-of-housing-law-and-policies-statistics-case-law-and-literature http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/702/from-proto-state-to-para-state-accountability-russian-political-regimes-under-yeltsin-putin-and-medvedev By Moritz A. Pieper - When on September 24th,  2011 Russian prime minister Vladimir Putin announced his bid to run for president in the presidential elections in March 2012, a supposition in Russia's political regime was confirmed that many observers suspected would come true ever since the assumption of office of president Dmitri Medvedev in May 2008. With a constitutionally correct departure from the presidency, Putin still remained the influential political heavy weight in Russian politics, making Medvedev appear to be merely a pale place holder for Putin's return to the presidential driver's seat in 2012,... Wed, 26 Sep 2012 10:12 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/702/from-proto-state-to-para-state-accountability-russian-political-regimes-under-yeltsin-putin-and-medvedev