http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/keyword/rwanda Inquiries Journal provides undergraduate and graduate students around the world a platform for the wide dissemination of academic work over a range of core disciplines. en-us Tue, 21 Apr 2026 08:48:45 -0400 Tue, 21 Apr 2026 08:48:45 -0400 http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1847/genocide-memorialization-in-the-modern-era-communal-mourning-through-institutions-and-culture By Emily Bennett - Genocide Memorialization focuses on the community after a genocide in what they choose to remember and how they achieve that goal of memorialization. Memorialization efforts are museums, institutions, policy, law, education, documentaries and first person accounts and testimonies. By examining the precedent set by the aftermath of the Holocaust and the Genocide Convention of 1948, future survivors of genocide are able to expand the precedent or potentially ignore the precedent by no longer recognizing a genocide. After introducing the Holocaust I examine three modern genocides: The Indonesian... Mon, 07 Dec 2020 01:23 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1847/genocide-memorialization-in-the-modern-era-communal-mourning-through-institutions-and-culture http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/732/addressing-the-use-of-sexual-violence-as-a-strategic-weapon-of-war By Joshua A. Jones - This paper examines historical and contemporary instances wherein sexual violence, specifically rape, was used as a strategic weapon amid both traditional and tribal conflict, as well as in genocidal operations. It analyzes the cogency of sexual violence as a weapon by considering its physical and psychological effects on victims and the morale of targeted populations. Additionally, it scrutinizes the motivations and intentions that support the use of sexual violence during armed conflict in order to ascertain potential methods by which the incentive may be removed or mediated. The intent of this... Mon, 01 Apr 2013 08:39 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/732/addressing-the-use-of-sexual-violence-as-a-strategic-weapon-of-war http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1231/mass-killing-politics-by-other-means By Brian Chao - My first case study, of Rome and Carthage, demonstrates that mass killing has a long history and is not unique to the modern era. After the Third Punic War, Rome reduced Carthage to rubble, sowed the fields with salt to ensure nothing could be grown, killed the men, and sold the women and children into slavery. The Carthaginian civilization ceased to exist. This was not done out of bloodlust or plunder, though that surely did occur; Rather, Rome was reacting to an economic and political rival that was also geographically threatening. In the previous Punic War, Hannibal had roamed through Italy... Fri, 15 Apr 2011 12:00 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1231/mass-killing-politics-by-other-means http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/352/ending-ethnic-conflict-and-creating-positive-peace-in-rwanda-and-sierra-leone By Katherine J. Wolfenden - Although peace and pacifism are familiar ideas to most students today, for much of human history these concepts have been relegated to the religious domain and excluded from the study and practice of politics.[1] At the same time, war--organized violent conflict between different groups of people--has traditionally been considered a natural occurrence, based on popular assumptions about the inclinations and limitations of human nature.[2] Of course, many today still believe that peace is idealistic and war is inevitable, but other theories have emerged in modern times to explain the existence... Tue, 04 Jan 2011 09:13 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/352/ending-ethnic-conflict-and-creating-positive-peace-in-rwanda-and-sierra-leone http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/272/a-critical-analysis-of-the-rwanda-burundi-genocide-and-the-sociopolitical-implications-of-colonial-rule-in-africa By Chloe S. Manchester - There has always been a great deal of intrigue as to why certain people and certain parts of the world are cursed with such a greater deal of suffering than others. Over time certain societies have developed through a series of phases of modernity and civilization to become more successful. Industrialization has strengthened economies, research has advanced technology, science has made discoveries in healthcare, and the result has been that some people in some parts of the world enjoy significantly higher standards of living than those elsewhere. What is also striking is how development has been... Thu, 22 Jul 2010 07:05 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/272/a-critical-analysis-of-the-rwanda-burundi-genocide-and-the-sociopolitical-implications-of-colonial-rule-in-africa http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/233/the-design-of-absent-crisis-the-clinton-administration-on-the-1994-rwandan-genocide By Lauren Young - The year 1993 was not a good one for Bill Clinton. An exception, perhaps, being the morning of January 20th when he stood at the west front of the United States Capitol building and took the Oath of Office to become the forty- second President of the United States, the first Democrat in over a decade to do so. It would seem luck had utterly abandoned Clinton somewhere between his pledge to “preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States” and the removal of his left hand from the Bible. “So help me, God” Clinton said at his oath’s conclusion before... Tue, 20 Apr 2010 09:15 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/233/the-design-of-absent-crisis-the-clinton-administration-on-the-1994-rwandan-genocide http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/106/triumph-over-tragedy-the-womens-movement-of-rwanda-finds-success-post-genocide By Marissa B. Goldfaden - On April 6, 1994, the Hutu[1] president of Rwanda and the newly elected president of Burundi, also a Hutu, were both assassinated when their jet was shot down while landing in Kigali. In response to the April killing of the two state presidents, over the next three months (April - July 1994) the Hutu-led military and Interahamwe militia groups killed about 800,000 Tutsis and Hutu moderates in the Rwandan genocide. After the massacre ended, the Rwandan population was 70% female. While women were targets of torture, rape, and other forms of gender-based violence, the majority of those murdered were... Fri, 01 Jan 2010 12:36 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/106/triumph-over-tragedy-the-womens-movement-of-rwanda-finds-success-post-genocide http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/102/an-argument-for-outlawing-genocide-denial By Marissa B. Goldfaden - More than half a century ago, famed philosopher George Santayana observed, “Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.” In the 20th century alone, the world bore witness to the Holocaust in Europe, as well as genocide in the former Yugoslavia, Rwanda, and most recently, Darfur. In terms of history, these events occurred within a relatively short span of time, leading one to believe that remembrance alone is not the problem; when looking at the root causes that led to such mass atrocities, it is clear how powerful words and rhetoric truly can be. As such, it would... Mon, 28 Dec 2009 10:47 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/102/an-argument-for-outlawing-genocide-denial http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/89/a-study-in-violence-examining-rape-in-the-1994-rwandan-genocide By Violet K. Dixon - The term rape refers to any act of sexual intercourse that is forced upon an individual by physical force or duress. Historically, rape has occurred both in peace and during war; however, there has been a recent shift in wartime rape from an act to satisfy troops to a strategic method of damaging and eliminating an ethnic group.  The Rwanda Genocide in 1994 was the first case in which the term rape has been legally recognized as a method of genocide. Mass rape clearly adheres to genocide which can be seen in the specific context of Rwanda as a strategic and severe perpetration of violence... Mon, 14 Dec 2009 11:34 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/89/a-study-in-violence-examining-rape-in-the-1994-rwandan-genocide http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1282/justice-evasive-and-amorphous By Harin Song - With mass atrocities ongoing in Darfur and past atrocities yet to be addressed, the question of how to achieve accountability for human rights violations in the context of post-conflict society has never been a more pressing concern. But justice exists in many forms and requires more than, and possibly something other than, the criminal prosecution of perpetrators. Justice can encompass, depend on, and affect other elements, such as political transition, democracy consolidation, institutional reform, long-term human rights protection, judicial capacity-building, and interpersonal reconciliation... Tue, 15 Apr 2008 12:00 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1282/justice-evasive-and-amorphous http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1156/the-western-media-and-africa-issues-of-information-and-images By Amy Biney - Western news reporting in general is often portrayed as being neutral and impartial, and the journalist as a neutral and balanced arbiter. There is still a popular misconception that anything written or seen on television is true. This is often a huge myth which needs to be exploded. Firstly, “information” does not exist in an ideological vacuum. Information on Africa is often presented without a historical and analytical context to explain the roots of a conflict. On account of this lack of historical and analytical examination, most Western reports resort to attributing all... Wed, 01 Jan 1997 12:00 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1156/the-western-media-and-africa-issues-of-information-and-images