http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/keyword/nato Inquiries Journal provides undergraduate and graduate students around the world a platform for the wide dissemination of academic work over a range of core disciplines. en-us Mon, 03 Aug 2026 13:03:28 -0400 Mon, 03 Aug 2026 13:03:28 -0400 http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1745/changes-in-estonian-defense-policy-following-episodes-of-russian-aggression By Benjamin Cooper - After joining the European Union (EU) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 2004, Estonians felt secure and in charge of their future. However, following the 2007 Bronze Horseman incident in the Estonian capital of Tallinn which included riots incited by Russian disinformation as well as cyberattacks on the Estonian banking and government infrastructure, many in Estonia became cognizant of the need for the Estonian Defense Forces (EDF), NATO, and the EU to do more to combat the growing Russian threat. When Russia invaded Crimea in 2014, any Estonian illusions of a peaceful and mutually... Tue, 30 Oct 2018 09:29 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1745/changes-in-estonian-defense-policy-following-episodes-of-russian-aggression http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1642/libya-2011-exploring-the-implementation-of-the-responsibility-to-protect By Andrew R. Aubuchon - This article explores the role that the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) played in the 2011 intervention in Libya. It examines the R2P legal framework in coordination with events on the ground in Libya during the early part of 2011 in order to thoroughly explain that R2P was correctly invoked by the United Nations Security Council in order to uphold international law. The article argues that this mandate allowed for the lawful intervention by NATO thereafter. However, the R2P was not fully carried out. The law clearly mandates actions that must be taken upon the conclusion of fighting carried out... Thu, 11 May 2017 10:26 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1642/libya-2011-exploring-the-implementation-of-the-responsibility-to-protect http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1011/living-with-evil-crime-and-sexuality-in-bonnie-and-clyde-and-chinatown By Joel S. Kempson - Through the late 1960s the French New Wave became a pronounced and significant factor in the creation and development of Hollywood films. Such movements had gained popularity through an ability to engage with a younger audience by means of a more youthful focus, by taking advantage of a counterculture brought about by the disillusionment with hierarchy exemplified by protests against the Vietnam War, political assassinations, experimentation with drugs, gay liberation and a rise in sexual freedom. Partly in an attempt to take advantage of this, but also encouraged by favourable taxation on filmmaking... Sat, 14 Mar 2015 04:03 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1011/living-with-evil-crime-and-sexuality-in-bonnie-and-clyde-and-chinatown http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1591/to-intervene-or-not-to-intervene-the-role-of-humanitarianism-un-approval-and-economic-incentives-in-determning-nato-military-intervention-in-conflict By Megan Nissel - The North American Treaty Organization (NATO) was founded at the outset of the Cold War and served as a collective defense alliance of states in North America and Western Europe against the Soviet bloc. However, following the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union, the role of NATO evolved and the organization began to take part in military interventions. This paper examines the impact of three variables on determining NATO intervention: human rights violations in a conflict, U.N. calls for action, and economic incentives measured in terms of trade. Using a qualitative case study... Sat, 31 May 2014 12:00 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1591/to-intervene-or-not-to-intervene-the-role-of-humanitarianism-un-approval-and-economic-incentives-in-determning-nato-military-intervention-in-conflict http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1485/the-effects-of-the-us-pivot-to-asia-on-european-strategic-cooperation By Thomas Armstong - The current state of European strategic cooperation is optimistically described as "splintered" and pessimistically labeled as "nonexistent" by politicians and pundits alike. A potential retreat of the EU to staunch intergovernmentalism frustrates those who hoped Europe could reach its supranational potential to address global strategic challenges. The EU's Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP), its subsidiary Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP), the European Defense Agency (EDA), and the European External Action Service (EEAS) were all designed to address modern strategic challenges... Fri, 15 Nov 2013 12:00 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1485/the-effects-of-the-us-pivot-to-asia-on-european-strategic-cooperation http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1614/the-weakest-link-credible-deterrence-threats-and-alliance-entrapment By Elizabeth Calos - Over the past 20 years, the international order has been characterized by the conflict between the United States' desire for isolationism and its desire to maintain hegemony. While the United States has initiated and continued wars in Afghanistan and Iraq that are increasingly unpopular with alliance members, it has also focused on increasing NATO buy-in and has become involved in conflicts, like the one in Libya, at the insistence of its NATO partners. These contradictory trends raise interesting questions about the importance of defensive alliances as a method of deterring conflict. The United... Mon, 31 Dec 2012 12:00 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1614/the-weakest-link-credible-deterrence-threats-and-alliance-entrapment http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/302/libido-and-thanatos-in-tobias-wolffs-the-night-in-question By Rebecca A. Demarest - Lucius Annaeus Seneca once said that “All art is but imitation of nature” (Bartlett’s 106) and this has held true for the centuries following him, nature and life reflected in the art and literature of its time. Art shows life in a distilled and refined vision, life perfectly encapsulated in a painting, sculpture, or short story. Tobias Wolff’s The Night in Question follows in this time honored tradition, mimicking humanity’s most basic drives and desires. Sigmund Freud hypothesized that the two most basic drives in all of mankind are the Libido and Thanatos: the... Mon, 18 Oct 2010 10:27 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/302/libido-and-thanatos-in-tobias-wolffs-the-night-in-question http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1263/natos-dilemma-asset-specificity-and-the-challenge-of-securing-afghanistan By Safwan B. Shabab - On the 60th anniversary of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's founding, Afghanistan provides a unique opportunity for the alliance to prove its strength beyond Europe and combat global security threats from terrorism and instability.2 But despite proving its early critics such as John Mearsheimer wrong during the 1990s, NATO's credibility is once again on the line – Afghanistan is proving to be a difficult test of the alliance's political will and military capabilities.3 NATO's mission – the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) has been marred by a lack of collective... Thu, 15 Apr 2010 12:00 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1263/natos-dilemma-asset-specificity-and-the-challenge-of-securing-afghanistan http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/128/the-positive-impact-of-african-union-forces-in-darfur By Boris S. Nikitin - After the wave of liberalization of many African states in the late twentieth-century, the world has seen a rise in the amount of international and internal conflicts that have taken thousands of human lives. Ethnic tensions and economic hardships have often been the driving factors perpetuating conflict between groups within a particular state. In the case of Sudan, which has experienced decades of civil war, government forces have fought to suppress the recent uprising in Darfur, instigated by the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM), and the Sudanese Liberation Army (SLA). Since 2003, there... Tue, 19 Jan 2010 08:59 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/128/the-positive-impact-of-african-union-forces-in-darfur http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1149/qanda-with-ted-rowlands-mp By Alexandros Karides - On the 14th of October 1998, Mr. Ted Rowlands, Labour MP for Merthyr Tydfil and Rhynmey, gave a brief talk on the Foreign Affairs Select Committee of which he is a member and took questions from students and staff of the International Politics Department on British Foreign Policy and Human Rights.  “It is made up of ‘has-been’s and ,never-will-be’s”, is how Mr. Rowlands described the composition of the Parliamentary Select Committee for Foreign Affairs.  He was not only referring to colleagues like Virginia Bottomley but also to himself, having been... Fri, 01 Jan 1999 12:00 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1149/qanda-with-ted-rowlands-mp http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1127/is-bombing-serbia-legal By Alex Bellamy - Since the commencement of the Nato action against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), the broadsheets have been full of debate concerning its legality. Amongst others, academics such as Noel Malcolm, Marc Weller, Christopher Greenwood, Adrian Hastings, Mark Almond and James Gow have wrestled with the complex question of legality. On the one hand, the Yugoslav’s have a good case to pronounce that the act is illegal. They claim that the action is a clear violation of Article 2 of the UN Charter which stipulates that the UN and individual states must not interfere with the territorial... Fri, 01 Jan 1999 12:00 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1127/is-bombing-serbia-legal http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1128/what-reasons-do-we-have-to-bomb-serbia By Alex Bellamy - Once again, President Slobodan Milosevic has demonstrated his impunity towards the will of the international community. After prosecuting unsuccessful wars of aggression against Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia-Hercegovina, the tanks of the JNA (Yugoslav Peoples Army) have, once again, turned upon the Albanian inhabitants of Kosova. In contravention of the October agreement, which averted the threat of NATO airstrikes on Serb military positions, the Serb forces have restarted their offensives against the Kosova Liberation Army (KLA), and civilian Albanians. This brief paper intends to show that... Fri, 01 Jan 1999 12:00 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1128/what-reasons-do-we-have-to-bomb-serbia