http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/keyword/epidemiology Inquiries Journal provides undergraduate and graduate students around the world a platform for the wide dissemination of academic work over a range of core disciplines. en-us Tue, 18 Aug 2026 11:50:29 -0400 Tue, 18 Aug 2026 11:50:29 -0400 http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1946/an-assessment-of-the-origins-and-culpability-of-the-opioid-crisis-in-the-united-states By Connor D. Catalani - The use of synthetic opioids in the United States in the past 30 years has created an epidemic the likes of which our healthcare and law enforcement systems have never before encountered. Although some opioid analogs, like fentanyl, were developed with the intention of managing chronic pain, these potent drugs have, through their addictive qualities, trapped millions of Americans in a deadly cycle of dependency. This review addresses the major routes by which synthetic opioids are illegally shipped into the United States, where they are then sold to theAmerican public. By examining the origins... Fri, 11 Mar 2022 03:02 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1946/an-assessment-of-the-origins-and-culpability-of-the-opioid-crisis-in-the-united-states http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1916/cancer-epidemiology-in-romani-americans-a-review-of-the-current-literature By Naszrin Arani - Romanies are one of history’s most misunderstood ethnic populations. Since medieval times, they have faced slavery, forced assimilation, sterilization, genocide, and other forms of ethnic cleansing. Their cultural and historical persecution has led to adverse health outcomes. Studies on health inequality among Romanies have been conducted in the past, as well as fragmented research on their genetic predisposition to disease; however, there is a gap in available information regarding precancerous health risks, especially at the upstream, social end of the spectrum. Thus, their oppression... Thu, 14 Oct 2021 06:45 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1916/cancer-epidemiology-in-romani-americans-a-review-of-the-current-literature http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1313/the-epidemiology-pathogenesis-and-treatment-of-type-1-diabetes-mellitus By Ishita Aggarwal - Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), also known as insulin-dependent diabetes, is a chronic disease caused by autoimmune (type 1a) or spontaneous (type 1b) destruction of pancreatic beta cells, resulting in insulin deficiency. It is generally diagnosed in children before 20 years of age and is oftentimes fatal. This review will discuss the epidemiology of T1DM, including its incidence and prevalence, related temporal trends and risk factors for development. Furthermore, pathogenesis and immune system involvement of the disease will be evaluated, with a particular focus on cells of the adaptive and... Tue, 24 Nov 2015 08:38 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1313/the-epidemiology-pathogenesis-and-treatment-of-type-1-diabetes-mellitus http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1214/spatial-analysis-of-inflammatory-bowel-disease-in-south-carolina By Joshua E. Sellner - The etiology of IBD has yet to be definitively established. The most popular theory is the ‘Hygiene Hypothesis’ which points to a decrease of infections during adolescence leading to an increase of autoimmune diseases later in life, such as IBD(Okada, Kugn, Feillet, & Bach, 2010). While it is widely accepted that this may play an essential role in the development of IBD, many believe that it is but a small piece in the web of causation. A more comprehensive explanation may be a combination of an individual being genetically susceptible to the disease along with being exposed to... Mon, 12 Oct 2015 05:42 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1214/spatial-analysis-of-inflammatory-bowel-disease-in-south-carolina http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/900/hiv-positive-youth-empowerment-in-swaziland-an-evaluation-of-the-social-stigma-surrounding-hiv By Sahil Aggarwal - UNAIDS reports the antenatal HIV prevalence rate—the prevalence of HIV in unborn children—to be approximately 38% in Swaziland, Africa (UNAIDS 2012), the highest rate in the world (Root 2010). Diagnosed through an HIV antibody test or virological analysis, clinical progression of HIV infection is often divided into four stages based on symptoms observed in children (Table 1) (World Health Organization 2007). Disease progression through the stages into AIDS or death is reduced through antiretroviral medications, which have shown long term reversals in the infection’s effects on... Wed, 04 Jun 2014 09:57 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/900/hiv-positive-youth-empowerment-in-swaziland-an-evaluation-of-the-social-stigma-surrounding-hiv http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/752/understanding-the-flu-host-and-environmental-factors-associated-with-susceptibility-to-influenza-virus-induced-disease By Lauren M. Neighbours And Meagan F. Vaughn - Influenza virus infection is a worldwide public health burden because of the significant morbidity and mortality that result from seasonal outbreaks and devastating epidemics. Despite extensive research and therapeutic measures to combat influenza virus infections, the genetic and environmental factors that impact influenza virus-induced disease susceptibility remain poorly defined. Here we report the current state of knowledge regarding the host and environmental factors that impact influenza virus susceptibility. Mouse models of influenza virus infection have led to the identification of several... Sun, 01 Sep 2013 05:05 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/752/understanding-the-flu-host-and-environmental-factors-associated-with-susceptibility-to-influenza-virus-induced-disease