http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/keyword/court Inquiries Journal provides undergraduate and graduate students around the world a platform for the wide dissemination of academic work over a range of core disciplines. en-us Mon, 25 May 2026 19:23:42 -0400 Mon, 25 May 2026 19:23:42 -0400 http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1940/the-evolution-of-third-party-doctrine-analysis-how-the-supreme-courts-current-analytical-framework-limits-the-scope-of-the-third-party-doctrine By Peter Conlin - The Fourth Amendment protects the “right of people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures…” Fundamentally, the Fourth Amendment places constitutional limits on law enforcement’s power to conduct a search or a seizure. However, the Supreme Court has recognized certain exceptions to this general constitutional requirement. The most controversial and expansive exception is the Third-Party Doctrine, which states: once information is relinquished to a third party, its original owner loses any expectation of privacy... Fri, 25 Feb 2022 09:30 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1940/the-evolution-of-third-party-doctrine-analysis-how-the-supreme-courts-current-analytical-framework-limits-the-scope-of-the-third-party-doctrine http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1852/courtly-love-in-chaucer-characters-as-commentary-in-the-franklins-tale-troilus-and-criseyde-and-parliament-of-fowls By Noelle E. Equi - Through major works including “The Franklin’s Tale,” Troilus and Criseyde, and “Parliament of Fowls,” Chaucer illuminates the complexity of the popular writing trope of courtly love. His accounts of courtly love border on satire and criticism, both praising the institution of marriage as the protagonist and the unorthodox courtly love dynamic as the villain (as seen in “The Franklin’s Tale) and highlighting the manufactured, tenuous nature of the dynamic (as seen in Troilus and Criseyde and “Parliament of Fowls”). In all, the three works considered... Wed, 16 Dec 2020 10:46 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1852/courtly-love-in-chaucer-characters-as-commentary-in-the-franklins-tale-troilus-and-criseyde-and-parliament-of-fowls http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1806/the-effectiveness-of-the-international-criminal-court-challenges-and-pathways-for-prosecuting-human-rights-violations By Sarah J. Goodman - Of the thousands of potential cases that could have been investigated by the International Criminal Court (ICC), only 44 individuals have been indicted, with 45 cases currently before the ICC. Further, only 14 out of the 45 have resulted in a complete proceeding, and only nine were convicted. Scholars in the field have not adequately addressed why cases come before the ICC and how this process may result in a full hearing and verdict. Because of these gaps, empirically-informed recommendations for areas of improvement for the ICC are also largely absent. To begin to fill these gaps, this research... Wed, 30 Sep 2020 12:04 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1806/the-effectiveness-of-the-international-criminal-court-challenges-and-pathways-for-prosecuting-human-rights-violations http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1546/bilingual-episodic-memory-and-eye-witness-testimony By Ketaki A. Tongaonkar - The human memory system comprises multiple components. The focus of this paper is on the encoding and decoding process of episodic memories. Events that catch the attention of individuals either consciously or sub-consciously are stored in a particular sequence, which constitute episodic memories. The storage of these memories is dependent on a variety of factors such as attention paid to the event, ambient surroundings, and the significance of the event for the individual. Language plays a crucial role in the encoding/decoding process of episodic memories. Multiple research studies have... Tue, 28 Feb 2017 11:45 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1546/bilingual-episodic-memory-and-eye-witness-testimony http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/995/predicting-the-fate-of-the-judiciary-after-obama By Sarah E. Pugh - One often-admired trait of the federal courts is their apolitical nature. Judges that are appointed for lifetime tenure do not face the pressures that come with reelection and trying to please constituents. While this may be true, much of the judiciary has its roots in politics – judges are nominated by the President and then confirmed by the Senate respectively, thus exposing them to the hyperpolarization of the current political system. Under the Obama Administration, the judiciary has provided a unique set of challenges and obstacles and will likely become a significant part of the Obama... Sun, 08 Feb 2015 11:08 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/995/predicting-the-fate-of-the-judiciary-after-obama http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/981/appellate-attorney-as-storyteller-a-postmodern-analysis-of-narrative-in-appellate-briefs By Michelle Villanueva - The appellate process, on the other hand, has a completely different set of priorities. Rarely do television courtroom dramas depict the proceedings of an appellate court, and not merely because the appellate court rarely schedules cases for oral argument. An appellate judge poring over briefs filled with legal analysis simply would not make for the most compelling television. However, it would show the shift in priorities that has traditionally occurred from the trial process to the appellate process. Generally, appellate judges are considered to be more deliberate and less emotional than juries... Mon, 02 Feb 2015 11:30 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/981/appellate-attorney-as-storyteller-a-postmodern-analysis-of-narrative-in-appellate-briefs http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/936/the-evolution-of-human-rights-law-in-europe-comparing-the-european-court-of-human-rights-and-the-ecj-icj-and-icc By Donna V. Artusy - Human rights protection in Europe evolved significantly over the last century, culminating in the creation of the European Court of Human Rights. Unfortunately, the decisions made by the European Court of Human Rights are not binding and do not serve as precedent for future cases. The court has the potential to hold significantly greater influence over human rights protection, but its institutional structure and guiding doctrine (the European Convention on Human Rights) does not allow for this. Although the Court maintains jurisdiction over a smaller number of states, it has a more significant... Mon, 03 Nov 2014 03:49 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/936/the-evolution-of-human-rights-law-in-europe-comparing-the-european-court-of-human-rights-and-the-ecj-icj-and-icc http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/883/the-sovereignty-of-the-european-court-of-justice-and-the-eus-supranational-legal-system By Hakan Kolcak - The European legal system has been considered as either an intergovernmental legal system or a supranational one. The intergovernmental order, on the one hand, emphasises that the European Court of Justice should consider the preferences of member-state governments in its decision-making processes. The supranational order, on the other hand, underscores that European law generates its own legal system, therefore, the Court should rule its case law in pursuant of the primary and secondary resources of European law. In this article, it is argued that the European legal system may be recognised as... Fri, 04 Apr 2014 11:46 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/883/the-sovereignty-of-the-european-court-of-justice-and-the-eus-supranational-legal-system http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1616/tested-and-found-wanting-a-quantitative-analysis-of-legal-integration-in-the-member-states-of-the-2004-european-union-enlargement By Leigh Maltby - The subject of European legal integration entered the spotlight of interdisciplinary studies in the mid-1990s and has continued to maintain, if not increase, its prominence in scholarly literature (Mattli and Slaughter, 1998, 177-178). As Egan, Nugent and Paterson indicate, "Not only have different disciplines cast light on different aspects of the integration process and of the EU but so has there been a mushrooming of varying approaches to EU studies within disciplines" (Egan, Nugent and Paterson, 2010, 1-13). Scholars using a variety methods conclude that European legal integration would not... Mon, 31 Dec 2012 12:00 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1616/tested-and-found-wanting-a-quantitative-analysis-of-legal-integration-in-the-member-states-of-the-2004-european-union-enlargement http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1080/in-the-ecj-we-trust-the-authority-of-eu-law-in-the-context-of-constitutional-conflict By Sofiya Kartalova - “In God We Trust” - the motto that inspired a nation built on the paradox ‘out of many, one’ could be construed as the wish for ‘divine goodness and order in the universe’.1 It entails the full recognition of a supreme power. However, the wording does not convey blind obedience, nor does it suggest a contract between equals. Instead, “trust” is rooted in delegation; it boils down to the investment of confidence. Another aspect here is the acknowledgement of abilities of a higher standard than one’s own. Thus, trust is the source of authority... Thu, 01 Sep 2011 12:00 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1080/in-the-ecj-we-trust-the-authority-of-eu-law-in-the-context-of-constitutional-conflict http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/255/cases-and-controversies-george-w-bushs-appeals-court-nominations By Christopher Miles - Though it is hard to know exactly how the nomination process worked in the White House because those involved in the process have remained relatively silent, we do know some details. In the Bush administration, a group called the Judicial Selection Committee (JSC) met twice weekly or as needed to discuss judicial appointments. The JSC consisted of Assistant Attorney General Viet Dinh, the Office of Legal Policy, White House Counsel Alberto Gonzales, and Associate White House Counsel Brett Kavanaugh. A different group composed of higher level administration officials has also been mentioned as... Wed, 16 Jun 2010 07:59 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/255/cases-and-controversies-george-w-bushs-appeals-court-nominations http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/254/president-bush-the-iraq-invasion-and-enhanced-interrogation By Chelsey E. Hay - Martin Luther King, Jr. once wrote that “to ignore evil is to become an accomplice to it.”[1]  Although this statement was meant towards the civil rights movement, the idea equally applies in other instances, especially in times of war.  In March of 2003, the United States invaded Iraq in a preemptive attack against the tyrannical rule of Saddam Hussein.  Despite the fact that President Bush and his administration had advertised the war as necessary in order to protect against the weapons of mass destruction (WMD) that Hussein would use in the imminent future, it became... Wed, 16 Jun 2010 07:42 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/254/president-bush-the-iraq-invasion-and-enhanced-interrogation http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1264/judging-wars-the-international-politics-of-humanitarian-adjudication By Eric C. Ip - The past sixty years witnessed a global proliferation of international courts and tribunals of almost all sizes and purposes. Today, they play important roles in international governance by handing down decisions in compelling areas ranging from global trade to environmental protection. In the past two decades, their reach has even extended into the realm of armed conflict and humanitarian policy. However, unlike domestic courts, international tribunals lack centralized enforcement mechanisms. Does this follow the classical assumption that they are merely toothless tigers and instruments to further... Thu, 15 Apr 2010 12:00 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1264/judging-wars-the-international-politics-of-humanitarian-adjudication http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/198/citizens-united-vs-federal-election-commission-taking-america-from-a-proud-democracy-to-a-privately-funded-corporatocracy By Ryan A. Piccirillo - The Christian Science Monitor argues that many voters vote based on false beliefs garnered from misleading campaign ads, continuing, “the media blitz that saturates voters’ minds to the exclusion of all else is the goal of any campaign manager with enough money to pull it off.  Under these circumstances, voters trying to inform themselves about the issues of the day are not shopping in a marketplace of ideas so much as looking for a needle in a haystack.” This illustrates the fundamental danger of this court’s decision: a voter’s choices will now be exclusively... Tue, 09 Mar 2010 09:17 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/198/citizens-united-vs-federal-election-commission-taking-america-from-a-proud-democracy-to-a-privately-funded-corporatocracy http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1276/withdrawing-the-case-of-uganda-from-the-jurisdiction-of-the-international-criminal-court By Sebastien Malo - The trend from international armed conflicts toward internal insurgencies has altered our common understandings of classical strategic wisdom. While traditionally under the politics of imperialism, wars were settled with the winning state’s decisive acquisition of territories over that of another state, in internal conflicts rebels choose to protract asymmetric warfare by employing low-scale guerrilla tactics rather than attempting to decisively hold a territory. Clausewitz’s observation that war is a mere continuation of politics by other means is thus nuanced by the unlikelihood... Sun, 01 Nov 2009 12:00 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1276/withdrawing-the-case-of-uganda-from-the-jurisdiction-of-the-international-criminal-court