http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/authors/219/michael-j-norris Inquiries Journal provides undergraduate and graduate students around the world a platform for the wide dissemination of academic work over a range of core disciplines. en-us Tue, 26 May 2026 18:52:38 -0400 Tue, 26 May 2026 18:52:38 -0400 http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/775/the-law-of-attack-in-cyberspace-considering-the-tallinn-manuals-definition-of-attack-in-the-digital-battlespace By Michael J. Norris - A lawful attack in armed conflict is predicated on four cumulative conditions. First, the target must be a 'military objective.' Second, the 'means' and 'method' employed to attack the target must be lawful. Third, the attacker must take specified precautions. Finally, the attack must not cause damage to civilian objects or civilians excessive in relation to the concrete and direct military objective anticipated.[3] Attacks which do not meet these four conditions are considered unlawful. However, operations that do not meet the threshold of attack are not subject to the aforementioned conditions... Tue, 22 Oct 2013 10:33 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/775/the-law-of-attack-in-cyberspace-considering-the-tallinn-manuals-definition-of-attack-in-the-digital-battlespace http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/342/the-politics-of-cooperation-analyzing-the-relationship-between-china-australia-and-the-us By Michael J. Norris - John Howard, then-Prime Minister of Australia, claimed that, ‘I count it as one of the great successes of this country’s foreign relations that we have simultaneously been able to strengthen our long-standing ties with the United States of America, yet at the same time continue to build a very close relationship with China’ (Howard 2004). This statement embodies the ideal vision of Australian foreign policy: a healthy security relationship with the United States complemented by burgeoning economic ties with China (White 2005: 470). However, relations between Australia’s... Mon, 13 Dec 2010 10:52 EST http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/342/the-politics-of-cooperation-analyzing-the-relationship-between-china-australia-and-the-us http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/296/the-liberal-democratic-party-in-japan-explaining-the-partys-ability-to-dominate-japanese-politics By Michael J. Norris - Structural factors conducive to clientelism included fiscal centralisation, the pre-1994 electoral system and electoral malapportionment. Fiscal centralisation provided a context for the commoditisation of votes for material gains. The pre-1994 electoral system, Single Non-Transferable Vote in Multimember Districts (SNTV/MMD), encouraged the proliferation of koenkai networks and money politics, entrenching clientelistic behaviours in elections. Electoral malapportionment was a result of the pre-1994 electoral system and encouraged politicians to appeal to segments of the population through pork... Wed, 06 Oct 2010 06:05 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/296/the-liberal-democratic-party-in-japan-explaining-the-partys-ability-to-dominate-japanese-politics http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/261/japans-multilateral-gambit-leading-the-charge-toward-an-east-asian-community By Michael J. Norris - If Japan was a person, it would be an exceptionally wealthy yet rapidly aging individual, who, for two decades, had been struck by illness. One might therefore find it unexpected for this person to be busily working on constructing the new face of Asian regional economic cooperation. This, nevertheless, is exactly what Japan is doing. Since the Democratic Party of Japan crushed the dominant Liberal Democratic Party in the August 2009 elections, the new Japanese administration, led by Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama, has been articulating its vision for a new, integrative regional economic body in... Thu, 24 Jun 2010 08:05 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/261/japans-multilateral-gambit-leading-the-charge-toward-an-east-asian-community http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/257/how-to-think-about-iran-demystifying-a-complex-international-challenge By Michael J. Norris - "When can we expect a pro-Western, pro-business government in Iran?" asks a US government official in the quasi-fictitious film Syriana. Today, it is highly probable that the same question is still being asked by anxious diplomats the world over. Iran’s nuclear aspirations, domestic repression and vast oil reserves have posed concern to both Western powers and its Arab neighbours. The resulting stigma which surrounds Irant—that of a backward nation run by basket-case ideologues—has perpetuated the string of diplomatic failures. Misinformation about Iran is rife and consequently... Mon, 21 Jun 2010 08:05 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/257/how-to-think-about-iran-demystifying-a-complex-international-challenge http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/253/exploring-japanese-popular-culture-as-a-soft-power-resource By Michael J. Norris - This essay argues that Japan does not derive soft power from its popular culture. After defining soft power, the essay assesses the attraction of Japanese cultural export to audiences. The essay gauges such attraction through a consideration of the levels of cultural export, the rise of otaku sub-culture and the increase in foreign Japanese language students. By investigating these three factors, the essay attempts to quantitatively measure evidence of attraction to Japan. However, Japanese popular culture does not provide Japan with soft power; the quantitative attraction to Japanese cultural... Mon, 17 May 2010 08:05 EDT http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/253/exploring-japanese-popular-culture-as-a-soft-power-resource