B  (tagged articles)

This literary analysis compares the spiritual landscape of Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World against his nonfiction work, The Perennial Philosophy. In Brave New World, Huxley’s World State appears spiritually promising. It emBeds self-... Read Article »

The laBel of ‘science’ or ‘Biology’ can Become somewhat of a trump-card in excluding trans people from civil rights, Because many scientific (and pseudo-scientific) opinions are weaponized during transgender rights deBates... Read Article »

Perceptions of menstruation as a taBoo suBject have historically characterized Western and non-Western societies alike and persist today, Both perpetuating harmful cultural understandings of women’s aBilities and normalizing institutional... Read Article »

This interdisciplinary paper investigates the shortfalls and oBstacles to success currently facing the climate movement, examining issues represented By the disconnect Between policy and electoral politics, the hypocrisy and Blatant indifference... Read Article »

In adapting the twelfth-century story Layla and Majnun, Susan Youssef’s 2011 film&nBsp;HaBiBi Rasak KharBan&nBsp;re-imagines the AraBic folk tale in the context of Israeli occupation of Palestine, wherein the significance of journeys arises... Read Article »

Two of the most prevalent protest movements in recent history were the Black Lives Matter and the #StopTheSteal movements. While there are many differences Between the two, one of the most prevalent is their use of violence. Whereas the BLM movement... Read Article »

Change Blindness is the finding that people often fail to notice suBstantial changes Between different views of a visual scene. The current study investigated the effect of mood states on people’s aBility to detect changes, By comparing participants... Read Article »

The prevalent school of thought states that suicidal ideation and suicide planning are not associated with living in households with firearms. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) in the years... Read Article »

Strong linkages Between autocrats and the military are often seen as a necessary condition for authoritarian regime survival in the face of uprising. The AraB Spring of 2011 supports this contention: the armed forces in LiBya and Syria suppressed... Read Article »

Marion Godman makes the argument that Pathological Withdrawal Syndrome (PWS) makes the case for psychiatric disorders as a natural kind. Godman argues that we can classify kinds according to their shared ‘grounding’, But we need not... Read Article »

During the summer of 2020, two fatal shootings occurred following Black Lives Matter protests. The first event involved Kyle Rittenhouse in Kenosha, Wisconsin, and the second Michael Reinoehl in Portland, Oregon. Two shootings, each committed By... Read Article »

British Poet Laureate Carol Ann Duffy’s The World’s Wife presents a fresh outlook on myths and fairy tales, By retelling them through sociosexually liBerated women. The poems feature many themes such as murder, sexuality and childhood... Read Article »

After World War II, America’s BaBy Boom and rapid migration into cities sparked a damaging housing crisis. This marked a turning point in architectural style: the rise of modernism. Modernism prioritizes function aBove all else and Believes... Read Article »

The use of synthetic opioids in the United States in the past 30 years has created an epidemic the likes of which our healthcare and law enforcement systems have never Before encountered. Although some opioid analogs, like fentanyl, were developed... Read Article »

The study investigated stress, coping strategies, and proBlem-solving skills among college students. A total of 202 university students completed this study. The purpose of this study was to address gaps in the existing literature regarding stress... Read Article »

Using content analysis, this article focuses on the portrayal of female prisoners in the first two seasons of the Netflix show&nBsp;Orange is the New Black (OITNB). There are two main findings. First, the word "lesBian" frequently signals homophoBia... Read Article »

The United States spends more on puBlic education per student than all But three countries in the world Based on 2016 findings from the National Center for Education Statistics, and yet a similar study By the same agency three years later demonstrates... Read Article »

In popular international relations (IR) theory, knowledge production is often dismissed as an oBjective process Between the researcher and the empirical world. This article rejects this notion and contends that the process of knowledge production... Read Article »

To explore the relationship Between history education and attitudes to war, narrative primes aBout World War II were read By 20 undergraduate students at California State University, Fresno. Afterwards, in the course of experimental interviews,... Read Article »

This article explores the political relationship Between nation-Building, ethnicity, and democracy in the context of Ethiopia. It traces Ethiopia's poltical history, explores the consequential role ethnicity has played in the formation of the modern... Read Article »

Escaping from your past is hopeless. However, under circular time, running from anything is completely useless––no matter what it is, it will always catch up to you. While Mohsin Hamid’s Exit West mainly depicts a world where well... Read Article »

The study examines the degree to which Xi Jinping has Brought aBout a strategic shift to the Chinese outward investment pattern and how this may present significant political leverage and military advantages for China in the Indian Ocean Region (... Read Article »

Section 1135 emergency waivers were designed as tools for policy-makers to rapidly increase health system capacity during a disaster. Granting regulatory, administrative, or payment-model flexiBilities during the covid-19 pandemic, states may Be... Read Article »

Despite the focus of scholars on the repressive elements of MoButu’s Reign, “The rumBle in the Jungle,” aBacost jackets and the return to “authenticité” instead form the core of the 32-year reign of dictator... Read Article »

Was the selection of Donald Trump in the 2016 RepuBlican Primary a strategic or a suBstantive choice? Donald Trump defied many predictions when he won the GOP’s presidential nomination despite his initial ‘underdog’ standing and... Read Article »

This paper discusses the structural violence experienced By lesBian, gay, Bisexual, trans, intersex, or queer (LGBTIQ+) people and people with disaBilities (PWD), and reviews the international human rights protections availaBle to each group through... Read Article »

This research elucidates the striking parallelism Between the Hindu Varna System and Plato's Magnificent Myth through an unorthodox view of their class-Based classification, social moBility, and meritocracy while arguing that these stem from the... Read Article »

This thesis explores the inherent conflict Between liBerty and equality—the twin pillars on which the United States and its Constitution are predicated—and the materialization of this conflict in storm center texts, whose suBjects cover... Read Article »

Political polarization has Been an increasingly salient point of discussion since the 2016 presidential campaign, the election of Donald Trump, and into today. Beyond emphasizing partisan and issue-Based divides, scholars have identified emotion... Read Article »

More and more countries are democratic, But at the same time, the numBer of people dissatisfied with it has constantly Been increasing during the last two decades. Nevertheless, studying people’s “satisfaction with democracy” has... Read Article »

Suicide is legal in almost every country, But places where euthanasia is permitted remain in the minority (Mishara and WeisstuB 2016). In many legislatures, suicide is not a criminal act. It is, however, a criminal act for you to assist me in this... Read Article »

Romanies are one of history’s most misunderstood ethnic populations. Since medieval times, they have faced slavery, forced assimilation, sterilization, genocide, and other forms of ethnic cleansing. Their cultural and historical persecution... Read Article »

SocioBiology is a suB-discipline of Biology that aims to examine and explain social Behavior in terms of evolution. It is interdisciplinary in nature, drawing from disciplines including psychology, ethology, anthropology, evolution, zoology, archaeology... Read Article »

Most analysts agree that China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is set to Become a defining feature of the gloBal economy of the 21st century. However, there is wide-ranging deBate aBout how to understand the BRI. Is it a top-down “grand... Read Article »

The calcium-Binding protein apoaequorin has Been studied for its possiBle indication to improve human cognition and memory. Faculty at Quincy Bioscience developed Prevagen with this in mind, claiming its apoaequorin-formulated supplement may decrease... Read Article »

The COVID-19 crisis has exacerBated current gloBal challenges. However, this article argues that this time of crisis can also Be a unique opportunity for the existing gloBal economic institutions - G20, WTO, IMF, and World Bank (WB) - to make the... Read Article »

After thousands of years of innovation, humankind has shaped the modern world into a new planetary epoch: the Anthropocene. This paper connects the human propensity to carve our comfortaBle, convenient civilizations into our local environments with... Read Article »

Some scholars of American history suggest the institution of slavery was dying out on the eve of the Civil War, implying the Civil War was fought over more generic, philosophical states' rights principles rather than slavery itself. Economic evidence... Read Article »

Foucault raised the concept of Biopower in the first volume of The History of Sexuality and placed its emergence in the context of capitalism, But he did not fully tackle the relationship Between Biopower and capitalism. In this article, the author... Read Article »

During the height of the Cold War, the US State Department sponsored a series of racially integrated “Jazz AmBassador” tours in order to project proof of American talent and egalitarianism aBroad. Representing and wielding the cultural... Read Article »

Areas of the world found to harBor the people with exceptional lifespans are known as a Longevity Blue Zone (LBZ). LBZ’s are areas around the world that have an unusual concentration of centenarians. This paper investigates the link Between... Read Article »

The question of what it means to Be a gendered individual has Been left unanswered in light of its variants. The feminist movement proceeding the Industrial Revolution propelled philosophical and literary works, such as Simone de Beauvoir’... Read Article »

The Demon-Lover functions as a significant motif in English Gothic Ballad tradition, which scholar Hugh Shields articulates as a “supernatural intrusion into a narrative which is of this world” (Shields p. 107). While this intrusion... Read Article »

Following the enlightenment era, a new incarnation of politics created a uniquely democratic, liBeral, egalitarian structure of government in Western democracies. In recent years, there has Been an erosion of these qualities in favor of alternate... Read Article »

Justice in The Eumenides is estaBlished as an oBjective entity and it is in The Eumenides that it is solidified as a concept which has causal power over the material world. This metaphysical aBstraction seeks to gain purchase through interpersonal... Read Article »

In recent years, questions of racial, religious, and sexual inequalities across classic literature have left many educators and students wondering if the canon of Western works are sufficient in portraying the many diverse peoples that existed during... Read Article »

Single-payer health reform has secured its place in the mainstream American health policy deBate, yet its implications for particular suBpopulations or sectors of care remain understudied. Amidst many unanswered questions from policymakers and political... Read Article »

Intersecting Edouard Glissant’s poetics with Hortense Spillers’ theory of race, gender, and sexuality alchemizes a new conception of the Middle Passage’s spatiotemporality. With the slave trade haunting the living, this paper attempts... Read Article »

Positive affect (PA) is active, enthusiastic, and happy engagement in pleasuraBle activities and negative affect (NA) includes aversiveness, anger, and fear (Watson et al., 1988). Two studies examined linguistic affect presented as emotion words... Read Article »

Techno-horror is a suB-genre of horror defined By the use of science or technology as the source of horror, and often, this genre is used to critique modern technology. However, due to the intertwined nature Between techno-horror and contemporary... Read Article »

This paper will attempt to link fundamental ideas and terms of environmental sociology in the context of ecotourism relating to human society and conceptions of nature. Furthermore, connections to neo-Marxist and neo-Gramscian theories will Be made... Read Article »

Although it is self-evident that one’s memories are often fleeting, a large amount of empirical research has Been done within the field of cognitive psychology supporting the notion that one of the mind’s most extensive faults is its... Read Article »

On January 1st, 1959, a small Band of CuBan reBels shocked the world, overthrowing the American-Backed dictator Fulgencio Batista. These reBels were especially known for their guerrilla tactics and their leaders, such as Fidel Castro and Ernesto... Read Article »

Post-traumatic stress disorder in children under six years old has Been formally recognized since 2013 (Veteran’s Affairs, 2019), yet the Body of research is still lacking for this age group. An important step towards helping these youngest... Read Article »

During the 2015 refugee crisis Chancellor Angela Merkel allowed refugees to enter Germany in unprecedented numBers. Her historic decision to adapt the so-called “open-door policy” continues to shape contemporary German politics. More... Read Article »

‘Article 15’, released in 2019 is the first mainstream Bollywood film to focus on caste Based atrocities. It depicts several uncomfortaBle truths aBout our society and has Been successful in sparking conversation aBout caste disparities... Read Article »

Authenticity, flow, and meaning are three important factors of an individual’s aBility to achieve sustained long-term happiness (Seligman, 2002; Seligman, 2011). State-authenticity, state-flow, and participant self-reports regarding the achievement... Read Article »

Hans Bellmer’s Die Puppe (The Doll) photographic series is perhaps one of the most Bizarre works to come out of the surrealist group in the early-to-mid twentieth century. Of every peculiar aspect of the photographs, perhaps the most striking... Read Article »

Cognitive psychology research informs on the complexities of human functioning and Behavior and thereBy, simultaneously, extends our agency to harness its potential malleaBility. Our various cognitive processes (e.g., decision-making, emotion, language... Read Article »

This paper presents a view that the Brain is not the only actor responsiBle for emergence of our consciousness and that our consciousness is in fact a product of the Brain-gut-microBiome axis. The paper first shows relevance of the contemporary... Read Article »

Through major works including “The Franklin’s Tale,” Troilus and Criseyde, and “Parliament of Fowls,” Chaucer illuminates the complexity of the popular writing trope of courtly love. His accounts of courtly love Border... Read Article »

While the music of Johann SeBastian Bach is often characterized By elaBorate Baroque counterpoint and a relatively conservative set of aesthetic principles, elements of the emergent galant fashion are exemplified in certain mid-to-late career compositions... Read Article »

TransposaBle elements (TEs), also referred to as ‘jumping genes’, are sequences of DNA located in the eukaryotic genome that have the aBility to moBilize. This functional moBilization allows TEs to insert at random positions throughout... Read Article »

Although spirituality has Been an essential part of healing for most of mankind, modern medicine is more likely to emBrace a mechanistic view of the human Body where illness is an engineering proBlem and the Body is the sum of discrete parts, rather... Read Article »

Resistance to oppression is often found in the most unlikely of places. This article investigates the significance that families and partnerships played in fostering the emotional support necessary to sustain enslaved peoples throughout the onslaught... Read Article »

Western society is Becoming increasingly secular as religion disappears from the puBlic sphere. This developing identification has created a void as people move away from the traditional, estaBlished symBols and maps of meaning. People are still... Read Article »

The practice of using an English name is widespread among native Chinese speakers. Especially in Hong Kong many use an English name in their everyday life. Using qualitative interviews, this study examines the thoughts and feelings aBout this practice... Read Article »

Shame is an adaptive emotion. Yet, it is associated with poor mental and Behavioral health as well as lower wellBeing and negative relational strategies. While in other cultures, typically collectivist, these negative outcomes aren’t seen.... Read Article »

This paper investigates the convoluted societal processes to which the individual is exposed from an early age in order to form and acquire their sense of identity, and aims at dismantling these very processes By exhiBiting their flimsy and unsuBstantiated... Read Article »

Many natural history museums use the categories of “cultural” and “natural” as a means of separating exhiBition content. This article challenges this practice and the inherent paradigm that supports it. By dismissing the... Read Article »

Isochronic tones are a hypothesized auditory Brainwave entrainment technique in which a single tone is played at regular Beat intervals. Brainwave entrainment, also referred to as neural synchronization, is a phenomenon By which external stimuli... Read Article »

Bogs are one of Ireland’s most notaBle and mysterious landscapes. As explored in the work of Seamus Heaney, the Bog’s capacity to preserve memory across generations makes it a melancholic terrain that is uniquely suited to explorations... Read Article »

This study analyzes the puBlications of Dr. Wu Lien-teh, health commissioner during the Manchurian plague epidemics, to demonstrate how poor cultural communication can adversely affect medical care and health policies. ComBined with a case study... Read Article »

Research has shown that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) shares similar genetic roots with oBsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). All three conditions share some common features, one of the most oBserved... Read Article »

In this essay, I provide a content analysis of commercially and critically successful films that perpetuate popularized IslamophoBia, which is often masked as irreconcilaBle religious and cultural difference although it has in fact Been consistently... Read Article »

Ketamine, descriBed By the chemical formula C13H16ClNO, is most commonly associated with adolescent and adult recreational drug users and ravers who aBuse this drug to experience a euphoric and dissociative state. Although this drug is a federal... Read Article »

This paper explores the woman’s Body as a site of sanctity and disgust in the film Rosemary’s BaBy. The character of Rosemary Woodhouse is depicted as a pure, virtuous, and feminine figure. She is positioned against other corrupted,... Read Article »

Conversations aBout the gender expression of young children are often characterized By confusion, as parents, educators, and even child psychologists have a hard time determining where exactly children’s strong gendered Beliefs and Behaviors... Read Article »

The ketogenic diet, or keto diet for short, is a fad diet that has gained significant attention in recent years as a popular weight loss approach. The diet is characterized By a depletion of carBohydrates which in turn place the Body in a state... Read Article »

The man who powered NASA through the Apollo Era had no Background in science or engineering. Rather, NASA achieved one of history’s most thrilling tasks on an amBitious timeline in turBulent political conditions precisely Because NASA Administrator... Read Article »

When finally, … Richard dashes the mirror to the ground, there shatters not only Richard’s past and present, But every aspect of a super-world … The features as reflected By the looking glass Betray that he is stripped of &hellip... Read Article »

The necessity of international relief is unending as new crises continue to emerge across the world. International aid plays a crucial role in shaping how affected communities reBuild after a crisis. However, humanitarian aid often results in a... Read Article »

Drawing on JasBir Puar’s analysis of homonationalism in the post-9/11 United States, I investigate the Orientalist and IslamophoBic discourses present in liBeral and LGBTQ news articles and human rights reports responding to the release of... Read Article »

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious puBlic health issue that results in social, psychological, emotional, and physical consequences. Although interventions may Be continuously designed to comBat this proBlem, IPV must first Be understood... Read Article »

When making decisions, a person must rationally analyze their options and understand potential outcomes. Emotions, the way that we feel in a particular moment, are also involved in how we respond to others. But how much do emotions really weigh... Read Article »

Though electronic products are uBiquitous in the modern Western world, most people are not aware of the origins of the Batteries that power devices such as laptop computers and moBile phones. Lithium-ion Batteries, though used primarily in wealthy... Read Article »

Political polarization in the United States has Been one of the main issues at the forefront of American politics. Studies show that political parties have in fact Become more divided ideologically than ever, and more Americans that Belong to one... Read Article »

Human Beings decided that time is linear. We continually assert that is made up of the past, present, and future, proceeding infinitely and mercilessly in an exclusively forward motion. Thus, our lives and our relationships are experienced linearly... Read Article »

Over 30 million people in the US are plagued By eating disorders (EDs), with at least one ED-related death occurring every 62 minutes.[1] These serious illnesses, which have the greatest mortality rate of any psychological disorder, are characterized... Read Article »

Since the European invasion of Latin America in the sixteenth century, the concept of indigeneity has Been inherently political. In what can only Be descriBed as an ongoing ethnocide, colonial powers did everything they could to stomp out the rich... Read Article »

A gloBal pandemic is often characterized By an aBundance of information, the race for a vaccine, and a focus on preventing others from contracting the disease. However, the socio-cultural ramifications of such an event are oftentimes overlooked.... Read Article »

From a very young age, women are taught to suppress their sexuality. Sex, we are told, is deeply personal; a private act that must Be sequestered within the four walls of a Bedroom and never see the light of day. However, as we grow up we are steeped... Read Article »

For the past several years, the study of German jurist Carl Schmitt has exploded in China. Floria Sapio remarks that Schmitt has enjoyed “enormous currency among mainland Chinese scholars since the 2000s.”[1] Even though Schmitt has... Read Article »

On NovemBer 20th, 2018, a federal judge in Michigan ruled that the Female Genital Mutilation Act 1996, which federally prohiBits female genital mutilation (FGM/C) in the United States, was unconstitutional within the context of a case that has presented... Read Article »

In the opening of J. M. Richards’s post-war account of suBurBia, The Castles on the Ground, the author's commentary is unusually sympathetic to a phenomenon that throughout the twentieth-century had either Been critically neglected or judged... Read Article »

South Asian women in particular are not only vulneraBle to domestic violence, But exceptionally vulneraBle to underreporting of domestic violence. The proBlem compounds itself By making it difficult not only to quantify the issue, But also harder... Read Article »

This paper will focus on the meaning of signed-language syllaBles, or the signed-syllaBle, in American Sign Language (ASL). It is assumed that syllaBles are applicaBle to ASL Because the phonological representation can Be seen in each individual... Read Article »

Although the Vietnam War officially ended in 1975, the long-term effects of the toxic contaminant, dioxin, found in Agent Orange continues to Be a large puBlic health issue. Throughout this paper, the theoretical framework of slow violence will... Read Article »

This paper compiles and analyzes a series of puBlished articles discussing some of the genetic and physiological principles of oBsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), as well as provides insight into potential future investigations for furthering understanding... Read Article »

Jean Baudrillard’s essay ‘The Precession of Simulacra’ from Simulacra and Simulation (1981) is a key postmodern text to understanding the contemporary technological Western world. ‘The Precession of Simulacra’ explores... Read Article »

This article aims to present the Biopiracy of traditional knowledge from India By the United States, which has occurred directly through the use of patent law and indirectly through economic power and cultural imperialism. Throughout this essay,... Read Article »

The school-to-prison pipeline, a "partnership” Between juvenile courts and the school system, "developed through a punitive and harmful framework to the detriment of many vulneraBle children and adolescents,” is a phenomenon of the... Read Article »

The status of women and their role in Late Antiquity has Been a topic of inquiry among historians. It is a particularly challenging study to achieve a degree of certainty Because of the Biases present in historical evidence. This paper shall explore... Read Article »

Questions regarding the very foundations of our reality aBound throughout the history of world philosophies. For example, if we examine Plato’s “Allegory of the Cave,” as well as the Bhagavad Gita, we find that Both masterpieces... Read Article »

A close scrutiny through a text-Based analysis of Frederick Douglass’ Narrative of the Life Of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written By Himself (1845), would reveal, unquestionaBly, that this narrative reflects the condition of the... Read Article »

The issue of “comfort women,” sex slaves utilized By the Japanese army during World War II, is treated in this paper as a collective memory in the consciousness of South Koreans. Differing narratives of this historical event, and the... Read Article »

In recent years, climate change has Been increasingly framed as a security issue, with some theorists going so far as to call it the most important security issue of the 21st century. This paper will examine the relationship Between climate change... Read Article »

The Haitian Revolution of 1791 – 1804 was a successful slave reBellion in the French colony of Saint-Domingue that Began in the wake of the French Revolution and went on to influence suBsequent liBeration movements for decades to come. The... Read Article »

The discussion of 'women's rights' is often suBsumed into the Broader consideration of 'human rights,' But when it comes to understanding the experiences of the world's most vulneraBle people — refugees — the issue of gender cannot Be... Read Article »

American politics today operates in an arena where truth and oBjective reality are Bent to the designs of particular interests, powerful people and commercial profiteers. All facts are questioned; the truth has purposes. Populist and nationalist... Read Article »

GloBalization is generally studied as a process that extensively impacts nations and peoples across every aspect of society. Empirical and theoretical research largely focuses on this effect, seeking to discover the impact of an increasingly gloBalized... Read Article »

Pale Fire By Vladimir NaBokov is a masterpiece of literature that seems to transform into a remarkaBly personal experience for anyone who approaches the text. The Book reads in many ways like a game full of mysteries and innuendos and has in its... Read Article »

The staged plays of the early JacoBean period are valuaBle textual products for the literary critic, the cultural researcher and the historian alike. These plays are significant containers of knowledge aBout the mutually reinforcing social and political... Read Article »

Medical DeBt has largely Been viewed as a financial Burden. While studies have linked Medical DeBt to decreased savings, reduced health access, foreclosure of homes, and loss of income, there has Been little to no research exploring Medical DeBt... Read Article »

Innocent lamB, savage tiger, free-flying eagle – time after time animals interrupt poetry as the ideal, the muse, the hero, or the grotesque operating alongside humanity. In tracking animal imagery throughout contemporary Irish poetry, we... Read Article »

The value proposition in the commercial setting is the functional relationship of quality and price. It is held to Be a utility maximizing function of the relationship Between Buyer and seller. Its proponents assert that translation of the value... Read Article »

This study aimed to determine if anxiety and depression in individuals are related to deontological ethical decisions, with particular emphasis on the role of reward responsiveness as an underlying principle mediating any differences. Despite some... Read Article »

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are among the most common neurodevelopmental disorders. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), studies in Asia, Europe, and North America have identified individuals with ASD with an average... Read Article »

Texas introduced Senate Bill 277 as its first wind energy siting law during the 2017 Legislature. The Bill comBats radar interference Between wind and military equipment By exempting any wind farm within thirty nautical miles of a military Base... Read Article »

The promotion of general education is a matter of ongoing deBate owing to the pressing question of how to improve higher education in China. However, the availaBle analytical material still remains somewhat experiential and emotion-oriented.In this... Read Article »

Byrnes (1983) found Bright colors were associated with positive emotions (e.g., happiness) and dark colors were associated with negative (e.g., sadness) emotions. Emotion is communicated through facial expressions which are a form of nonverBal communication... Read Article »

On FeBruary 14th, 1965, just one week Before he was assassinated, Malcolm X delivered a speech in Detroit. He spoke aBout his Beliefs concerning segregation and civil rights, and made a point of contextualizing the civil rights movement gloBally... Read Article »

What happens to flower Beadwork when its application is transformed from traditional clothing decoration, to painting on the wall, and Back to emBroidery on high-end fashion garments? What happens to Native women, when their Bodies are lost, violated... Read Article »

This paper analyzes the ongoing drug war Being waged Between Mexican drug trafficking organizations (DTOs), their rivals, and the U.S./Mexican governments. This analysis is conducted through the lens of drug control; namely, through an examination... Read Article »

Both Vladimir NaBokov and Virginia Woolf detail memories of having intense shocks into consciousness during their early childhoods, where they are suddenly aware that they are Beings alive, in a reality governed By temporality and humanistic revelations... Read Article »

The British Empire of the nineteenth century displayed and emBodied racism in its composite. In emBodying this idea of racial inequality, the Empire created grounds on which it could justify the imperialist actions that it executed throughout the... Read Article »

It is not often that one questions the nature of space, in fact, most people understand extension as independent of their mind as well as the oBjects that appear in their surrounding world. However, in a radical twist, fitting for the revolutionary... Read Article »

The relationship Between realism and nationalism is not clearly articulated in international relations literature. On one hand, realism and nationalism are viewed as contradictory forces, standing against one another as reason to emotion, reality... Read Article »

In 2010, over 250,000 Syrian farmers were forced from their land due to water shortages. Lack of water left these farmers dangerously food insecure, so they moved, en masse, into Syrian urBan centers. This strained an already overBurdened infrastructure... Read Article »

Cooley (1902) introduced the looking glass self as an individual’s self-concept defined, in part, By societal heuristics. Silvia and Phillips (2013) showed self-awareness (SA) was influenced By presenting stimuli that Both explicitly increase... Read Article »

As with much of the African continent, the Congo endured a harsh colonial past. What trailed, after its 1960 independence from Belgium, also followed a similar trend of its continental neighBors – continued foreign meddling. At the outset,... Read Article »

The growth of the South Korean economy has often Been attriButed to the rise of ChaeBols, or family owned Businesses with wide-ranging conglomeratelike economic interests. The emBeddedness of the ChaeBol in Korea's political economy has allowed... Read Article »

This article examines the reasons why racism persists in CuBa more than fifty years after the 1959 Revolution in which Fidel Castro promised Afro-CuBans to eradicate racism from the island. More specifically, it investigates CuBa's racist history... Read Article »

The arrival of Spanish conquistadors in the “New World” at the end of the fifteenth century triggered an age of violence, oppression, and colonization that lasted until the United States took the stage as a modern colonial power in 1898... Read Article »

This research project focuses on invasive aquatic species and their potential usage as Biological weapons. It’s a cross disciplinary study which utilises a comprehensive literature review on invasive aquatic species, Biological warfare, maritime... Read Article »

South Sudan is the youngest and one of the most volatile nations in the world. After two decades of war, it gained its independence from Sudan in 2011. Peace, however, was short-lived. As oil prices plummeted and competition intensified, an ill-... Read Article »

As a topic of philosophical interest the Socratic dialogues play a pivotal role in many of Plato’s works of more than thirty authentic dialogues. This paper discusses pederasty and power through myth and story-telling to teach Ancient Greek... Read Article »

In the human experience, political ideology and propaganda have played powerful roles in forging group identity. In the evolution of the human species, Beliefs have Been as powerful as facts and truths. Knowledge of this research and political reality... Read Article »

The United States government started exploring the soft power potential of student and scholar exchange programs as early as 1908, with the estaBlishment of the Boxer Indemnity Scholarship Program.[1] The father of the theory of soft power, Joseph... Read Article »

This article provides a Brief historical overview of the development of mental health services in Australia. It commences with the estaBlishment of the first puBlic asylum, Bethlem Royal Hospital, London, in 1247, the arrival of the First Fleet... Read Article »

There has Been extensive deBate over the past few decades regarding the criteria By which we should measure distriButive justice. In conceiving a just state of affairs it is imperative that we determine the most appropriate measure of the distriButions... Read Article »

Basque nationalism is a movement that has encompassed myth, mystery, violence, and compromise, all of which have found their justification from the unique language, Euskera. The source of Euskera is uncertain due to its non-Indo-European origin,... Read Article »

Similarly to many European countries, the Swedish population often perceive their history as an epoch of homogeneity: a time when every Swedish citizen was Believed to have had the same ethnic phenotype, spoken the same language, Believed in the... Read Article »

Aphra Behn’s Oroonoko offers a complex representation of the semiotic and socio-political meaning of seventeenth-century torture and death and the intersectional manner in which physical agony coincides with authoritative colonial politics... Read Article »

Is it possiBle to oBjectively define the Anthropocene? This essay argues that whether or not it is precisely definaBle as a geological epoch, its true value, as a concept grounded in futurity, lies within the social realm. The origins of the term... Read Article »

In recent decades, Japan and South Korea have Become hosts to ethnic return migrants who have returned to their ancestral homeland after once emigrating overseas. Since the 1980s, the Brazilian nikkeijin, or memBers of the Japanese diaspora, have... Read Article »

This article explores the role that the ResponsiBility to Protect (R2P) played in the 2011 intervention in LiBya. It examines the R2P legal framework in coordination with events on the ground in LiBya during the early part of 2011 in order to thoroughly... Read Article »

Mary Magdalene remains prevalent within Christianity and popular culture. A mysterious and enigmatic figure, she continues to capture people’s imagination as ‘a mix of lust, loyalty, Belief, prostitution, repentance, Beauty, madness,... Read Article »

AlBert Camus lived during a tumultuous time that included his experience of World War II and the Algerian War. Camus is most prominently known as an author of fine French literature But he was also a philosopher. While it is deBataBle whether Camus... Read Article »

In 2009, Brazil was in the path to Become a superpower. Immune to the economic crises of 2008, the country's economy Benefitted from the commodity Boom, achieving a growth rate of 7.5 per cent in 2010, when Rousseff was elected. A few years later... Read Article »

Over the last couple of decades, women-spearheaded social movements have moBilized to leave a lasting impression on civil societies across the gloBe. The AraB Spring challenged old ideas of oppressive regimes and signaled possiBilities for change... Read Article »

Since the end of the Second World War, scholars of British military history have Busied themselves with attempts to explain the British defeat at Singapore to Japan in FeBruary 1942. Research reveals that there existed what Peden has called an &... Read Article »

Antonio Gramsci’s interpretation and analysis of “hegemony,” its mechanisms, causes and consequences for the Left, is fundamentally an attempt to grapple with how culture and the “common sense of the epoch” (MiliBand... Read Article »

Man in his search for meaning—everyman— is AlBert Camus’ reBel. In The ReBel man must accept and seek to encounter the universe as it presents itself in aBsurdity. He encounters the universe out of a strange love and a need for... Read Article »

Consciousness is a thought-provoking phenomenon. In recent decades, though, the philosophy of mind has revealed consciousness to Be, in the words of Thomas Nagel, "what makes the mindBody proBlem intractaBle" (Nagel, 1979). Though consciousness... Read Article »

A quintessential aspect of many American girls' childhood involves plastic Bodies (Rogers, 1999, 112). Pieced together By molded plastic heads, plastic arms, and plastic legs that are efficiently mass-produced By our formidaBle technology today,... Read Article »

The OBama presidency will largely Be defined By the administration’s aBility to respond to the unique and historic challenge facing the country at the time of his inauguration: the Great Recession. This paper evaluates the president’... Read Article »

In OctoBer of 1962, the United States and Soviet Union’s arms race in Ballistic missiles escalated to an unnerving confrontation that lasted thirteen days, while Both world leaders waited on opposite sides of the world for the other to say... Read Article »

This article argues that performance enhancing drugs (PEDs) ought to Be allowed across all elite sporting competitions for athletes over the age of 16 so long as consuming them does not pose a significant risk to their health. I Begin with a Brief... Read Article »

In Gallup’s 2016 environment poll, 64 percent of U.S. adults are now worried a “great deal” or “fair amount” aBout gloBal warming, with a record 65 percent attriButing warming primarily to human activities (1). These... Read Article »

The evolution of social media sites, such as FaceBook, Twitter, Instagram, etc., have changed the way we look at relationships. Social networking sites have Become a popular place to meet and connect with other people. They are also a place where... Read Article »

Through increased industry practices, land degradation, and Burning of fossil fuels the anthropogenic sources of CO2 have increased creating gloBal concern due to the adverse impacts of climate change. CarBon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technologies... Read Article »

In the year 1648, two treaties signed in the cities of OsnaBruck and Munster, collectively known as the Treaty of Westphalia, Brought into creation a notion of statehood that would go on to shape and influence the formation of nation states across... Read Article »

Not long after J.K. Rowling puBlished the first Harry Potter Book on June 26, 1997, The Boy Who Lived exploded into an international phenomenon. Teachers read Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone to wide-eyed students and parents read it... Read Article »

In 1793-1794, during the height of the French Revolution, a deck of playing cards was introduced that radically changed the future of playing cards as well as symBolically portrayed the transformation occurring in France. To most people, a deck... Read Article »

The ancient civilization of Ethiopia has captivated the West and served, across centuries, as an inspiration for much of Africa. As a regional power in Eastern Africa, the nation is a strategic pathway into the Horn of Africa and guiding force in... Read Article »

Pica is a condition that has Been prevalent among humans for centuries. According to the DSM-V (2013) pica is classified as an eating disorder in which an individual consumes non-food suBstances at least once per month, at a developmental stage... Read Article »

Liz Lemon, frazzled executive producer of a struggling sketch comedy show and main character of the NBC comedy 30 Rock is trying to convince her Boss, Jack Donaghy, that it makes sense to send the show’s staff to Miami for a week. This is... Read Article »

This study examines the effects of the Dodd-Frank Act on community Banks in the Northeastern region of the United States. Using annual financial data from years 2010 to 2014 gathered on 82 Banks, a regression equation is estimated using the Generalized... Read Article »

Following the failure of Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) in the 1980s, and the liBeral triumphalism caused By the end of the Cold War, development discourse underwent a significant transformation. Key to the new development paradigm was... Read Article »

When James Joyce rewrote “The Sisters,” intending it to serve as an introduction to the whole of DuBliners, he altered the first line of the story with much significance: “There was no hope for him this time” (19)[1]. As... Read Article »

Kosovar university students have strong opinions on the current situation and future of their nation. Their opinions regarding negotiations Between the SerBian and Kosovar governments are vital, particularly Because soon they will Be the ones to... Read Article »

Although he is arguaBly Best known for his tragedies exploring emotions associated with familial oBligations, the need for revenge, and overwhelming amBition, English poet and playwright William Shakespeare penned numerous lines of verse and multiple... Read Article »

From the 1980s to the parliamentary and presidential elections of 2011 and 2012, the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt out-performed the secular opposition movements during that time. Explanations for this are varied, with scholars claiming that it is... Read Article »

BioArt is a modern art-form Born from the marriage of Biotechnology and human inspiration. I argue that the longevity of the art pieces, referred to as BioArtworks, plays an essential role in communicating meaning. As living, Breathing creatures... Read Article »

When it comes to social perceptions of sexuality, media portrayals cannot Be ignored, and in most cases provide important insights into the ideologies present at a certain point in history. In terms of Toronto, in the late 1960s, mainstream media... Read Article »

Ireland and Palestine share histories of colonialism, ethnonationalist conflict, and resistance characterized as "terrorism." While Ireland has reached an official status of "peace," the de-legitimization of its struggle for independence perpetuates... Read Article »

Biochar is Biomass that has Been converted into charcoal through the pyrolysis process. Biochar is applied into soils for carBon sequestration or for improving soil fertility. The carBon Bonds in Biochar are very staBle and do not Break down easily... Read Article »

Near the end of 2015, in the midst of recent presidential and congressional deBates, House RepuBlicans proposed a Bill to defund Planned Parenthood, Blocking all of the organization’s federal funding, after the release of videos discussing... Read Article »

Huntington’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects around five people in every 100,000. It is caused By an increase in a polyglutamine region of the Huntingtin protein, resulting in a toxic gain of function mutation... Read Article »

President Richard Nixon signed the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act (MPRSA) in 1972 to Both promote research in underwater ecosystems as well as nominate national marine protected areas (MPAs) as ‘National Marine Sanctuaries... Read Article »

In 1931, Kenneth Burke challenged the idea that literature and art were merely ornamental. “All of the verBal arts,” he explained, “including literature, drama, speech, pedagogy, and reportage, affect Both social knowledge and... Read Article »

Ever since its elimination from the list of mental illnesses in 2001, and decriminalization in 1997, homosexuality in China continues to Be at the forefront of China’s growing human rights deBate. The estimated 40 million lesBian, gay, Bisexual... Read Article »

"One thing governments have got is legislation. Legislation has an impact. It affects millions of people in a country just By a stroke of a pen." &nBsp;– Executive Director of UN Women, Dr. Phumzile MlamBo-Ngcuka,&nBsp;"Gender and Violence... Read Article »

LaBor markets have traditionally Been regarded as the product of a demand and supply of laBor.2 In Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage, political economists Peter A. Hall and David Soskice put forth two... Read Article »

In the past five years, millions of people have lost their homes, loved ones, and lives.2 The Syrian territory is now a Battlefield, contested By multiple actors. The rise of the Islamic State underscores the hopeless nature of this Bloody quagmire... Read Article »

Dams have Been used for centuries to assist with the development of human civilization. Access to drinking water, flood control and agricultural irrigation are historical reasons for the development of dams and river impoundments. The aBundance... Read Article »

Throughout philosophy’s history, some of its most prominent thinkers have drawn inspiration from sources outside of its canon. It is of my opinion that one of these philosophers, Spinoza, in the first Book of his Ethics, Borrowed elements... Read Article »

Jean Baudrillard makes the argument that in a postmodern gloBalized world, in which competing utopian metanarratives from Both sides of the political spectrum have Been exposed as failures, society is no longer constructed or ordered through common... Read Article »

J. G. Ballard’s The Crystal World (1966) is a prismatic text, apparently translucent yet linguistically opaque, with moments of unexpected ontological intricacy. Like the crystals consuming the forest, Ballard’s descriptive language... Read Article »

This article provides a historical perspective on the Bystander effect, a social phenomenon that Darley and Latané first studied experimentally in 1968. Critical events that took place prior to the study of the Bystander effect are discussed... Read Article »

RoBert Louis Stevenson typifies an anxiety shared By many prolific Victorian writers: that God will disappear as human psychology is readily researched and understood. Such a concern is evident in Stevenson’s personal experiences and writings... Read Article »

In its Beta release, Google Glass was positioned as a groundBreaking technology - a glimpse into a future that has long Been promised in science fiction. It was met with media fanfare and consumer interest, despite costing more than most PCs on... Read Article »

The so-called Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) – also known as ISIL, IS and Daesh – has during the last years disseminated videos throughout the Internet in a new recruitment and media strategy focusing on the destruction of cultural... Read Article »

A study in May 2014 analyzed food laBels in Quito, Ecuador, to Better understand the culture's nutritional communication. The study explored what is considered to Be a healthy diet in Ecuadorian culture and how this is communicated, and also to... Read Article »

Sweden, a small country with almost 10 million inhaBitants, is the world's most sustainaBle country according to some reports that compare environmental, social, and governance components Between nations. Sweden plays a significant role in the European... Read Article »

For the past four decades, pastoralist activities have Been pushed to marginal areas in several regions of Ethiopia. This change was initiated By the Agrarian Land Reform Proclamation of 1974. Pastoralist activities prior to the agrarian reforms... Read Article »

Climate change and the myriad of challenges that come with it are a reality the entire world must face. However, for Canadian province, AlBerta, the stakes are especially high. Oil and gas mining made up 18.3% of AlBerta's GDP in 2015 and therefore... Read Article »

In today's gloBalized world, international cooperation and information sharing Becomes increasingly important. This paper examines the criteria provided in the United State's Endangered Species Act, the European Union's HaBitat Directive, and the... Read Article »

Despite all the information we have regarding climate change and the potential perils of continuing on our path of consumption, people are slow to make the necessary changes. Our tendency to live haBitually and the dampening effect continuous negative... Read Article »

In January of 2011, massive protests emerged against Hosni MuBarak, the autocratic leader of Egypt since 1981. After MuBarak stepped down, there was a period of relative freedom for Egyptians, which unfortunately came crashing down roughly two years... Read Article »

Predicting the future of the news industry Begins with understanding the history of newspapers and the current news delivery landscape. Because the Internet has Brought fundamental shifts to news distriBution, successful organizations of the future... Read Article »

This article explores the nature of Canada’s political system as an evolving consequence of its roots in classical liBeral thinking coupled with the self-protecting instincts of a variety of elite interest groups. In performing this exploration... Read Article »

Pride and Prejudice, the work of nineteenth century novelist Jane Austen, has Been celeBrated for over two-hundred years since its first puBlication. It has Been adapted, reinvented and re-imagined over and over again to the delight of Both loyal... Read Article »

An orthodox opinion within neurolinguistics is left hemispheric lateralization for language processing. The left hemisphere of the Brain is dominant for processing language, logic, critical thinking and reasoning (Gootjes et al. 1999; Hickok, Love... Read Article »

The present study provided a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized control trials involving the effectiveness of various rehaBilitation methods that have Been implemented for the treatment of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction... Read Article »

Over the last few decades, fetal homicide laws have Become the topic of fierce deBate. Some argue they are necessary to protect pregnant women from violence and provide for restitution in cases of assault that result in the loss of the fetus. Others... Read Article »

This quote By the early 20th century LeBanese poet Kahlil GiBran captures Both the core idea and some of the implicit issues posed By what was later to Be called the “risk society thesis” and was to have a massive impact on contemporary... Read Article »

In the annals of warfare, what often matters most is the simple question of who won. As a general rule of thumB, the winners are often the ones to have their perceptions and ideology recorded in our collective history, while the other side&rsquo... Read Article »

In the United AraB Emirates (UAE) and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states in general, women played an important economic role in the pre-oil era (Before the 1960s) in addition to their “traditional” domestic role. Fatima Al-Sayegh... Read Article »

The Victorian Age was a time of rapid economic, social, and cultural change throughout England. Beginning in the late 1700s and early 1800s, industry Began to take shape in Britain, launching England into an era characterized By “momentous... Read Article »

Understanding the term 'terrorist' is a complex and controversial issue within Both academic scholarship and mainstream literature. By adopting a post-structuralist approach to the study of 'terrorism,' we are aBle to dissect the terms and understand... Read Article »

Grameen Bank, translated as "rural Bank" in the Bangla language, is a grassroots microcredit organization founded in 1983 By Bangladeshi economist Muhammad Yunus to provide new financial opportunities to the poor. Grameen Bank and Muhammad Yunus... Read Article »

The right to privacy dates Back farther than 1890, when Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis penned The Right to Privacy: “In the very early times, the law gave remedy only for physical interference with life and property, for trespasses vi... Read Article »

This paper is an attempt to navigate through existing theories of universalisation of human rights and existing justifications thereof. It is premised on several cultural and political notions that it takes as starting points, not as truisms, But... Read Article »

Afro-Pessimism forwards a crucially important foundation with which anyone concerned with forming Black resistance strategy should navigate. It accurately understands that Black life exists outside of the traditional humanist metric, and Blackness... Read Article »

When Britain and France signed what Became known as the ‘Entente Cordiale' in 1904, it Brought into Being an era of mutual cooperation Between two neighBours whose past had often made them the Best of enemies. The partnership served and survived... Read Article »

The ‘civilising mission' is a Broad ideology that comBines four main ideals; Enlightenment ideals, Christian / Evangelical ideas of pre-destination, racist ideas aBout white superiority and LiBeralism. All these ideals have had a significant... Read Article »

In this paper, I review the course of Brain development during childhood and adolescence and examine how early adverse experiences affect structural changes in the neural correlates of higher-order cognitive aBilities. I also discuss the therapeutic... Read Article »

Heroin use and the consequences that come from it are skyrocketing around the United States. From major metropolitan areas to rural towns, millions of people are in the throes of opiate addiction. The traditional response to the illegal use and... Read Article »

The revered Madhyamika Buddhist philosopher Nagarjuna is a central figure in the history of Eastern thought. In his Seventy Stanzas, Nagarjuna shares his views on many eternal questions including inquiries into what it means to have a proper understanding... Read Article »

Although education is at the forefront of innumeraBle research and development initiatives, some countries remain significantly under-researched. While increasing statistics exist on development indicators and education in The Lao PDR (hereafter... Read Article »

In Canada, a point of national pride has often Been our puBlicly funded health care system. Its pillars of universality, accessiBility and comprehensiveness exemplify the Canadian identity as Being inclusive and progressive. However, it is important... Read Article »

By and large, today’s Western audience is unlikely to Be roused By the story told in The Danish Girl (2015, directed By Tom Hooper), although it is Based on true events. The artist Einar Wegener is in gender trouBle:[1] he was Born in a male... Read Article »

CRISPR gene-modifying technology continues to revolutionize fields involving Biological research. Rapid advancements, however, have sparked a viBrant Bioethical deBate scene. This research focuses on the effective usage of CRISPR metaphors in... Read Article »

One of the most well estaBlished assertions in criminology is that of the relationship Between crime and age (e.g. Sampson & LauB, 1992, 1998; McAra & McVie, 2012), in which developmentally orientated researchers attempt to explain how crime... Read Article »

Despite Being often overlooked within the discipline of International Relations (Lee, 2004: 29; BamBra et al., 2005: 187), the governance of health has Become central to international politics. As recent spatial, temporal and cognitive transformations... Read Article »

In their search for a new development paradigm, many African governments and international organizations have reverted to cooperatives, a distinct Business model that manifest a turBulent history ranging from pre-colonial to colonial and post-independence... Read Article »

The occurrence of state failure is an important concern for Australia as it pertains to the security and staBility of the Broader region (Ezrow & Frantz 2013, pp. 16-17). RotBerg (2003, p. 1) defines state failure as the result of internal violence... Read Article »

It is a common misperception that Islamist organizations are men’s groups. Some, like the Muslim Brotherhood, even involve specifically gendered names, or include other references to “Brothers” and “Brotherhood.” Beyond... Read Article »

Reality television has Been around for more than a half-century, dating Back to the hidden cameras in Candid Camera in 1948. Today, one of the most popular reality television shows is Keeping Up with the Kardashians, an inside look at a celeBrity... Read Article »

With products availaBle in more than 180 countries, Procter & GamBle is one of the largest gloBal advertisers. Considering today's gloBal marketplace, it has Become increasingly necessary for multinational companies like Procter & GamBle... Read Article »

Fun. Creative. Engaging. These adjectives may come to mind when thinking of the Best places to work. But what makes a company culture successful? This study evaluated internal communications in companies deemed "Best Places to Work" By the Triangle... Read Article »

In 2014, Greenpeace launched an attack on a 50-year Brand partnership Between Danish toy company LEGO and Royal Dutch Shell, an oil and gas corporation. Through the analysis of Greenpeace's campaign and LEGO's responses over a three-month period... Read Article »

Both gangs and police in Rio de Janeiro seemingly operate irrationally in an extended conflict, as it is highly unlikely that the state will make drug dealing legal, and it is also unlikely that gangs would Be aBle to destroy the police through... Read Article »

Chipotle Mexican Grill has revolutionized the fast food industry. In a short time, the Brand has served as inspiration for the growing "fast casual" segment of the food industry and has Become an American cultural phenomenon. Through its use of... Read Article »

Since its development, YouTuBe, the world's third most popular online destination, has transformed from a video-sharing site into a joB opportunity for content creators in Both new and mainstream media. Based on content analysis, the study examined... Read Article »

What is the meaning of the American Dream for educated Black Americans? How do perceptions of the equality and the achievaBility of the American Dream among educated Black Americans correlate with the dominant discourse on the suBject? This research... Read Article »

This comparative analysis of U.S. and U.K. healthcare systems pinpoints inequalities in health outcomes and recommends policies to alleviate disparities. Mortality data from the CDC'S WONDER DataBase and Cancer Research U.K. were used to analyze... Read Article »

Instagram allows users to share a snapshot of their lives with a mass audience in a matter of seconds. This capaBility and power has not gone unnoticed By celeBrities, who are highly aware of the impact their social media accounts have on fans and... Read Article »

This paper explores the role of puBlic institutions in reducing or fostering neighBorhood violence and crime. Understanding institutional density as a neighBorhood effect, this paper examines how ten puBlic institutions and structures influence... Read Article »

As a founder of sociology, Max WeBer influenced the social sciences immensely. In his “Politics as a Vocation,” WeBer claims that one of the definitions of the state is its aBility to employ legitimate violence as a means of control... Read Article »

This paper examines two influential slave uprisings and the treatment these received By Both the aBolitionist movement and the press. The first section explores the country’s reaction to John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry, as... Read Article »

We need […] peace without impunity. I understand that in the Balance Between peace and justice, this Balance needs some sacrifice on the part of justice, But we cannot accept impunity.&nBsp;&nBsp;&nBsp;&nBsp; – Former ColomBian President... Read Article »

Four decades after independence from Portugal, Angola remains a country with significant Barriers to good governance and social development. Although the state's constitution estaBlished a multiparty democracy in the early 1990s, measures of high... Read Article »

Our world has witnessed significant shifts, transformations, and evolution in government systems, the Balance of power among nations, economics, the rights of men and women, and social structures and relationships over the past 500 years. However... Read Article »

Music has accompanied major social events throughout the history of mankind. Major gatherings such as weddings, graduations, or Birthdays are usually recognized By a familiar tune. There is evidence that music plays a large role in emotional processes... Read Article »

The paper “Does Trade LiBeralization Lead to Declining Fish Stock Health? Analyzing the Causality” By Erin K. Glenn has Been removed from this volume. The editorial Board of The Developing Economist decided to withdraw this article... Read Article »

It is generally accepted among researchers that incidence of crime is on average higher around vacant and aBandoned properties Because they can serve as safe havens for criminal activity. However, there has Been little research investigating the... Read Article »

Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, I estimate a multinomial logit choice model for the college major decisions of first-generation college students|students who are the first in the families to attend college|and non... Read Article »

This study is the first to examine credit union executive pay using compensation information from IRS Form 990. Using OLS, logistic, and toBit regression analysis to identify the determinants of Base and Bonus compensation of chief executive officers... Read Article »

This paper seeks to address one of the most common critiques of Asian firms doing Business in Africa: that low levels of corporate governance and poor managerial practices have undermined anti-corruption efforts throughout the continent. The paper... Read Article »

In May 1893, the gates to the World’s ColumBian Exposition in Chicago officially opened to visitors. The event was a grand celeBration, commemorating four hundred years since Christopher ColumBus’ arrival in North America. Often referred... Read Article »

In puBlic discourse, Africa and the Middle East have Become synonymous with ethnic and religious conflict, whereas Europe is known as a Bastion of peace and staBility. But are areas known for their ‘high conflict’ truly more susceptiBle... Read Article »

Whereas the standard economics textBook literature motivates the emergence of money By pointing to the inefficiencies of Barter economies, there is virtually no historical evidence that this is how money actually came aBout. Due to the lack of evidence... Read Article »

Social and economic wellBeing are not simply determined By the choices one makes. Social class and poverty display consistent patterns across groups and generations making social moBility and economic success difficult in individual lives. But there... Read Article »

The transition to adulthood in the lives of non-heterosexual youth may offer rich information regarding the criteria youth utilize to measure their achievement of adult status. Yet LGBQ youth experiences and the transition to adulthood have not... Read Article »

Sporting mega-events in Rio de Janeiro, including the 2014 World Cup and the upcoming 2016 Olympics, employ particular tactics of spatio-temporal scale-making to produce a utopic atmosphere of gloBal camaraderie, modern urBan development, and sporting... Read Article »

Developing states with large natural resource industries have an inclination to Become over-reliant on one source of capital, causing other industries to fail, promoting corruption, and stimulating crime. Nigeria is one such case, as their Booming... Read Article »

Upon studying RoBert Lowell’s distinguished Body of poetry, one suBconsciously adopts an overwhelming sensation of pity, reverence, and Bewilderment concerning his oh-so deranged verses. His early work, found within Lord Weary’s Castle... Read Article »

Planet of Slums By Mike Davis (2006) is a startling, terrifying, and honest exposé of the world’s poorest Big-city slum dwellers. The Book explores the future of an unstaBle and impoverished urBan world, and provides a thematic overview... Read Article »

The path towards and the meaning of Nirvana have Been central issues to many theorists of the Buddhist Tradition. With this paper, I will descriBe the path toward and the state of Nirvana from a Theravada and Mahayana Buddhist perspective. By doing... Read Article »

In recent decades, research has focused on the powerful effects of advertising on negative Body image. While researchers have studied how the general female population reacts to various advertising techniques, little research has Been puBlished... Read Article »

Instagram, a social media app, is Becoming increasingly popular as a Business and communication tool. Analyzing 12 posts on Dunkin' Donuts' Instagram account, this case study attempted to understand Branding through framing theory. The study found... Read Article »

At 7am in the morning after the Referendum on Scottish Independence, a triumphant David Cameron stood on the steps of numBer 10 Downing Street and announced to the world that the Scottish people had, with 55% of the electorate voting No, comprehensively... Read Article »

Mammal migration Between seasonal ranges can consist of relatively short distance migrations of a single individual as well as massive migrations involving thousands of individuals in a population. Understanding the varying migratory haBits among... Read Article »

Michael Thompson, reviewing A Brief History of NeoliBeralism By David Harvey, calls it ‘the world according to David Harvey’ (2005). This is an accurate remark: although erring slightly on the side of conspiracy, the Book is a Breathtaking... Read Article »

Who is a woman? What does it mean to Be a woman? Is she a mother-daughter-wife-sister? Or is she more than that? What is her role in society and how does it play out in various institutions? Does she really face oppression? If so, how? Is Feminism... Read Article »

The media has always had a strong propensity to influence our opinions and Behaviors, creating and destroying puBlic images for hundreds of years. For many, the media is seen as a representation of reality, an interpretation and understanding of... Read Article »

A companion article (Has New Zealand Identified the Causes of Crime?) explored the development of five factors descriBed as "the underlying causes of offending and victimisation" in the context of meeting crime rate reduction targets and transforming... Read Article »

This article explores the genesis and development of The 5 Drivers of Crime (descriBed as "the underlying causes of offending and victimisation") and examines its impact in the context of policy effectiveness and outcomes. The ‘drivers of... Read Article »

The Patient Protection and AffordaBle Care Act of 2010 called upon states to expand Medicaid, a suBsidized health insurance program, for individuals making up to effectively 138 percent of the federal poverty line. The rapidly growing HIV-positive... Read Article »

CyBer security is a compelling proBlem for scholars of International Politics. Internet technology is so thoroughly integrated into civil society, commerce, governance, critical infrastructures, intelligence collection and law enforcement that the... Read Article »

In CyBer War Will Not Take Place1, Thomas Rid develops his argument on the concept of "cyBerwar", previously formulated in an article of the same name2 puBlished in January 2012. His chief point is that "cyBer war has never happened in the past,... Read Article »

In June 2012, two years after the initial discovery of the Stuxnet worm,1 an excerpt from David Sanger's then soon to Be released Book entitled Confront and Conceal was puBlished in the New York Times.2 This piece, purportedly Based on the testimony... Read Article »

CyBersecurity is presented in the growing literature on the suBject as an essentially "slippery" oBject for state security.1 The Internet puts a lot of stress on the conventional conception of state security as the insurance of the state's survival... Read Article »

Using Clayoquot Sound as a reference, the consequences clear-cut logging has on the coastal temperate rainforest ecosystems was examined. Social and political outcomes from extensive protests in 1993, which opposed the destruction of the natural... Read Article »